Rise and fall of electron temperatures: Ohmic heating of ionospheric electrons from underdense HF radio wave pumping

Gustavsson, B.; Rietveld, M. T.; Ivchenko, Nickolay; Kosch, M. J.

doi:10.1029/2010ja015873

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…As seen in Figure 2a during the second period we expect very weak D/E region absorption and thus significant F-region heating. Furthermore the data indicate under-dense probably collisional F-region heating similar to the one discussed by Gustavsson et al [2010]. Figure 2c also shows maximum amplitude at 12 Hz, and 1/f behavior at higher frequencies as seen in the amplitude of the ELF triplets (12-18-24) and (28-36-44).…”

Section: Experimental Observationssupporting

confidence: 75%

First demonstration of HF-driven ionospheric currents

Papadopoulos

Chang

Labenski

et al. 2011

Geophys. Res. Lett.

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[1] The first experimental demonstration of HF driven currents in the ionosphere at low ELF/ULF frequencies without relying in the presence of electrojets is presented. The effect was predicted by theoretical/computational means in a recent letter and given the name Ionospheric Current Drive (ICD). The effect relies on modulated F-region HF heating to generate Magneto-Sonic (MS) waves that drive Hall currents when they reach the E-region. The Hall currents inject ELF waves into the Earth-Ionosphere waveguide and helicon and Shear Alfven (SA) waves in the magnetosphere. The proof-of-concept experiments were conducted using the HAARP heater in Alaska under the BRIOCHE program. Waves between 0.1-70 Hz were measured at both near and far sites. The letter discusses the differences between ICD generated waves and those relying on modulation of electrojets.

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Section: Experimental Observationssupporting

confidence: 75%

First demonstration of HF-driven ionospheric currents

Papadopoulos

Chang

Labenski

et al. 2011

Geophys. Res. Lett.

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“…Heating in underdense conditions at Tromsø has been modeled by Gustavsson et al [2010] and good agreement between observations and theory was found on the basis that the heating is due to the electric field of the electromagnetic pump wave alone. However, Gustavsson et al [2010] did not explicitly quantify the efficiency of this mechanism, which is of interest here. In the present work, experimental data in which the pump power was systematically varied are analyzed to determine the electron heating rate as a function of available radio wave power flux and hence the efficiency of the heating mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The relationship between the electron heat source and the available pump power for overdense F‐region heating has been examined before in a number of cases [ Mantas et al , 1981; Robinson , 1989; Stocker et al , 1992]. Heating in underdense conditions at Tromsø has been modeled by Gustavsson et al [2010] and good agreement between observations and theory was found on the basis that the heating is due to the electric field of the electromagnetic pump wave alone. However, Gustavsson et al [2010] did not explicitly quantify the efficiency of this mechanism, which is of interest here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dependence of F‐region electron heating on HF radio pump power: Measurements at EISCAT Tromsø

et al. 2012

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[1] Measurements of ionospheric electron temperature enhanced by the action of a powerful high-frequency radio wave on the F-region at the EISCAT facility near Tromsø, Norway are analyzed to obtain the electron heat source due to the radio wave as a function of transmitter power. The absorption of the wave in the D-region is accounted for and is found to have a significant influence on the F-region heating, especially due to variations in the D-region electron density during the experiment. It is found that the efficiency of F-region heating expressed in terms of the electron heating rate as a function of radio wave power flux is higher at higher transmitter powers. This behavior seems to be consistent with the development of geomagnetic field-aligned plasma density irregularities which are associated with the conversion of the radio wave to electrostatic upper-hybrid waves. At the highest power fluxes, the efficiency appears to be close to 100%.

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“…Löfas et al [2009] and Gustavsson et al [2010] employed the electric field model of Shoucri and Morales [1984] which can be used to estimate the electric field of a pump wave at any altitude as it approaches reflection and found it to be reliable at modeling the electron temperature as measured by an incoherent scatter radar.…”

Section: Electric Field Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The thresholds of ionospheric plasma instabilities pumped by high‐frequency radio waves at EISCAT

et al. 2013

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[1] We test the existing theories regarding the thresholds for the parametric decay instability (PDI), the oscillating two-steam instability (OTSI), and the thermal parametric instability (TPI) using the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) facility's ionospheric heater. In these processes, the pump wave can couple to various electrostatic waves in the F layer ionosphere, which can be observed using the EISCAT UHF radar (PDI and OTSI) or by HF radar (TPI). On 19 October 2012, the heater power was stepped from 0.5 MW to 100 MW effective radiated power in seven steps using a 1 min on, 1 min off cycle. We use an electric field model, taking into account D region absorption, to compare theory with our observations. In all three cases, we find good agreement. In addition, the growth of striations formed during the TPI causes anomalous absorption of the heater wave, which we observe as decreased UHF ion line and plasma line backscatter power. We show evidence that heating for a prolonged period of time reduces the UHF ion line intensity throughout the experiment.Citation: Bryers, C. J., M. J. Kosch, A. Senior, M. T. Rietveld, and T. K. Yeoman (2013), The thresholds of ionospheric plasma instabilities pumped by high-frequency radio waves at EISCAT,

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Rise and fall of electron temperatures: Ohmic heating of ionospheric electrons from underdense HF radio wave pumping

Cited by 23 publications

References 35 publications

First demonstration of HF-driven ionospheric currents

First demonstration of HF-driven ionospheric currents

The dependence of F‐region electron heating on HF radio pump power: Measurements at EISCAT Tromsø

The thresholds of ionospheric plasma instabilities pumped by high‐frequency radio waves at EISCAT

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