Riscos ocupacionais entre trabalhadores de enfermagem em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva

Abstract

Fonte de financiamento: nenhuma ARTIGO DE REVISÃO RESUMO | Contexto: Os registros de acidentes de trabalho e doenças profissionais no mundo são alarmantes e possuem graves consequências para as vítimas e seus familiares. Entre os ambientes hospitalares, a Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) é considerada como a mais tensa, traumatizante e agressiva, em decorrência da rotina de trabalho intensa e dos riscos constantes à equipe. Dentre esses profissionais, a enfermagem é uma das equipes que está constantemente exposta a vários fatores de risco. Objetivo: Analisar na literatura nacional e internacional quais são os riscos ocupacionais a que os trabalhadores de enfermagem estão expostos em UTI. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, CINAHL, MEDLINE e na biblioteca eletrônica SciELO no período de julho a agosto de 2015. Resultados: Os estudos são, em maioria, publicados em periódicos nacionais (66,6%), mas com pouca evidência de diferenças quando comparados a estudos internacionais dessa mesma perspectiva. Discussão: O ambiente de trabalho da UTI apresenta os mais diversos tipos de riscos, mas esses são consideravelmente minimizados se os profissionais de enfermagem fizerem o uso correto dos equipamentos de proteção individual. Conclusão: Instituições hospitalares devem desenvolver estratégias educativas efetivas para que esses profissionais usem os equipamentos corretamente. Além disso, esses trabalhadores devem conhecer os riscos a que estão expostos e compreender o quanto isso pode afetar a sua saúde e a sua qualidade de vida. Palavras-chave | riscos ocupacionais; unidades de terapia intensiva; acidentes de trabalho; enfermagem do trabalho. ABSTRACT | Background:The global records of occupational accidents and diseases are alarming, having serious consequences for victims and their families. Among hospital settings, the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is considered to be the most tense, traumatic and aggressive, due to its heavy work routine and the constant risks to which the staff is exposed. Nurses are some among the professionals who are constantly exposed to various risk factors. Objective: To analyze the occupational hazards to which ICU nursing professionals are exposed in the national and international literature. Methods: Integrative literature review conducted in databases LILACS, CINAHL, MEDLINE and SciELO from July to August 2015. Results: Most studies were published in Brazilian journals (66.6%), however, little difference was found by comparison to international studies with the same perspective. Discussion: The ICU setting exhibits a wide variety of risks, which are considerably minimized when nursing professionals make correct use of personal protective equipment. Conclusion: Hospitals should develop effective educational strategies for professionals to make correct use of the equipment. In addition, workers should have accurate knowledge of the risks to which they are exposed and how they might affect their health and quality of life.

Factors related to occupational accidents among nursing professionals from a public hospital in northern Brazil between the years 2009 to 2016

“…Nevertheless, also mechanical hazards were relevant in our study, because the analyzed institution is a referral hospital for psychiatric care and many incidents are due to crashes, falls and violence in the psychiatry department. An integrative literature review evidenced that nursing professionals tend to underestimate the risks to which they are exposed and also to associate WA exclusively to biological hazards and occupational stress, although also other types of hazards should be taken into consideration, such as those of ergonomic, mechanical, physical and chemical nature 21 .…”

Cumprimento às precauções-padrão por profissionais de enfermagem e fatores associados

“…The results showed that most of the participants in this study worked in a single hospital. Other studies have pointed out that a good part Compliance with standard precautions in nursing Pereira VH, Torres LN, Rodrigues NM, Monteiro DAT, Moraes JT, Pereira-Ávila FMV, Santos MA, Gir E, Malaguti-Toffano SE of nursing professionals has double work relationships with a heavy workload, [20][21][22] which can increase the risks of exposure to potentially contaminated biological material and influence the compliance with the SP.…”

Burnout e a organização do trabalho na Enfermagem

“…Therefore, health care institutions should promote actions that prioritize the health of workers regarding all aspects related with PRFW, including development of continued and permanent education strategies, in addition to joint discussions with the staff on the hazards to which they are exposed for employees to become aware of their effects on their health and quality of life 21 .…”