Riscos à biota aquática pelo uso de tintas anti-incrustantes nos cascos de embarcações

Abstract

ResumoOs cascos das embarcações estão constantemente sujeitos à bioincrustação, o que resulta na diminuição significativa da eficiência operacional, elevando os custos devido ao aumento no consumo de combustível. Dentre os diversos sistemas antiincrustantes desenvolvidos para contornar este problema, os que apresentam compostos organoestânicos em suas formulações tornaram-se o foco das discussões entre órgãos ambientais nas últimas décadas. Estes compostos são considerados uma ameaça à biota aquática em áreas com intensa atividade naval e podem agir como disruptores endócrinos em invertebrados. Após as restrições impostas para o uso de tintas à base de organoestanhos, outros biocidas vêm sendo utilizados. No entanto, tais produtos também apresentam efeitos tóxicos ao meio ambiente. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura relacionada aos riscos da exposição de organismos aquáticos aos compostos que constituem as tintas anti-incrustantes, assim como as alternativas propostas para substituir os produtos atualmente comercializados.Palavras-chave: Bioincrustação, biota aquática, ecotoxicologia, embarcações, organoestanhos, tintas anti-incrustantes. Risks to aquatic biota by the use of antifouling paints AbstractThe ship hulls are constantly subject to marine biofouling, wich results in a significantly diminution in operational efficiency, rising the costs due to the increase of fuel consumption. From the antifouling systems developed to prevent this problem, those whom present organotin compounds in their formulations became the center of discussions among environmental organs in the last decades. These compounds are considered a threat to marine life in areas with intense naval activity and can act as endocrine disruptors in invertebrates. After restrictions imposed on the use of organotin antifouling paints, others biocides have been used. However, these products also have adverse effects on marine ecosystems. This article reviews the literature related to the risks of the exposure of aquatic organisms to antifouling paints compounds, as well as the alternatives proposed to replace the products yet commercialized.

Hydrophobic DES Based on Menthol and Natural Organic Acids for Use in Antifouling Marine Coatings

“…The increase in the number of vessels that adopted antifouling coatings with copper as the main biocide replacing coatings composed of TBT usually in the form of cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O), metallic copper (Cu), or copper thiocyanate (CuCHNS) led to high levels of these substances in areas of intense marine operation. 10 , 11 Environmental concerns about the effects of copper on the marine environment, together with its increasing market price, have promoted the discovery and development of new compounds with biocidal properties. 12 This is the case, for example, of ivermectin, a dihydro derivative of avermectin, a macrocyclic lactone isolated from the actinomycete species Streptomyces avermitilis , which is commonly used in the treatment of parasitic worms and as an insecticide.…”