Risco cardiometabólico em adolescentes matriculados no ensino médio

Abstract

Worldwide, the cardiovascular diseases are first among causes of death.Epidemiological studies show that, in many cases, the onset occurs in youth. The justification for this is given by the early exposure to the cardiovascular risk factors. This condition can aggravate when an adolescent carries out work activities. It is known that in adults the work presents greater exposure to the cardiovascular risk factors.The objective of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular risk in adolescents attending high school in central state schools in the city of Campinas and to establish relationships between the cardiovascular risk factors and work. It is a cross-sectional study consisting of 130 adolescent students attending high school in the day and night courses in public schools in the city of Campinas. The definitive behaviors of cardiovascular risk were evaluated through the application of a questionnaire adapted and validated for this population. The dietary pattern was evaluated through the Revised Diet Quality Index for the Brazilian population from the gathering of a 24 hour recall. Anthropometric measurements were performed and the nutritional status was assessed by the Z score. The blood pressure measurement was taken using an automatic arm device validated for adolescents. The data were submitted to statistical analysis of comparison between groups and time, association and correlation.Statistical programs such as SAS version 9.4 and SPSS version 22 were used for the analyzes. The prevalence of high blood pressure values of the total sample was 7.7%.The adolescents with high blood pressure, 4.5% and 10.9% were workers. The feeding is in a worrisome situation, as no adolescent showed an adequate dietary pattern; considering the categories of the Revised Diet Quality Index, 61.2% require modification and 38.8% showed inadequate standards. The least consumed components were total fruits, whole fruits and milk and dairy products. More than half of the sample (51,2%) did not practice activity regularly. The consequence of an inappropriate diet combined with the inadequate practice of physical activity may be responsible for the high prevalence of the obesity found. It was observed that almost half of the sample (44,6%) reported the use of alcoholic beverages. The group of workers presents a higher percentage of high blood pressure, but there is no association with the work. When analyzing the categories of work with SBP and SBP values, no statistical difference was evidenced between them. Hours worked with SBP and DBP values showed a weak correlation. The adolescent attributed a lower sleep score after beginning work, a difference of 1.4 points in the referred note. Reports of fatigue and difficulty concentrating were evidenced due to the double work and study journey. It was observed that the alcohol and coffee consumption and the reduction of physical activity are associated with work, showing no difference between the groups regarding obesity, tobacco consumption and diet quality.