Risco aumentado de sintomas respiratórios e bronquite crônica em mulheres que utilizam biocombustíveis na Nigéria

Abstract

Objective: To determine whether respiratory symptoms and chronic bronchitis are associated with the use of biomass fuels (BMFs) among women residing in rural areas of the Ekiti State, in southwestern Nigeria. Methods: From January to June of 2009, we carried out a cross-sectional study including 269 adult women. To collect data on sociodemographic status, type of fuel used for cooking in the household, respiratory symptoms, and smoking history, we used a questionnaire adapted from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. All of the participants were invited to undergo spirometry. Results: Of the 269 women in the study, 161 (59.9%) used BMFs for cooking. The proportion of women who reported respiratory symptoms was greater among those using BMFs than among those using a non-BMF-cough (13.7% vs. 3.7%); wheezing (8.7% vs. 2.8%); chest pain (7.5% vs. 1.9%); breathlessness (11.8% vs. 6.5%); nasal symptoms (9.3% vs. 4.6%); and chronic bronchitis (10.6% vs. 2.8%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the use of BMFs was associated with the following variables: cough (OR = 4.82; p = 0.01); chronic bronchitis (OR = 3.75; p = 0.04); wheezing (OR = 2.22; p = 0.23); chest pain (OR = 3.82; p = 0.09); breathlessness (OR = 1.54; p = 0.35); and nasal symptoms (OR = 2.32; p = 0.20). All of the spirometric parameters evaluated (FEV 1 , FVC, FEV 1 /FVC ratio, and PEF) were lower in the women using BMFs than in those using a non-BMF. Conclusions: Our results underscore the need for women using BMFs in their households to replace them with a nontoxic type of fuel, such as electricity or gas.Keywords: Signs and symptoms, respiratory; Biofuels; Bronchitis, chronic; Air pollution, indoor. ResumoObjetivo: Determinar a associação de sintomas respiratórios e bronquite crônica com o uso de biocombustíveis entre mulheres habitantes de áreas rurais do estado de Ekiti, sudoeste da Nigéria. Métodos: De janeiro a junho de 2009, realizou-se um estudo transversal com uma amostra de 269 mulheres adultas. Um questionário adaptado do European Community Respiratory Health Survey foi aplicado para a obtenção de dados sobre características sociodemográficas, tipo de combustível utilizado para a preparação de alimentos, sintomas respiratórios e história de tabagismo. Todas as participantes foram convidadas a realizar espirometria. Resultados: Das 269 mulheres no estudo, 161 (59,9%) utilizavam biocombustíveis para a preparação de alimentos. As mulheres que utilizavam biocombustíveis relataram mais sintomas respiratórios que aquelas que não os utilizavam -tosse (13,7% vs. 3,7%); sibilância (8,7% vs. 2,8%); dor no peito (7,5% vs. 1,9%); falta de ar (11,8% vs. 6,5%); sintomas nasais (9,3% vs. 4,6%); e bronquite crônica (10,6% vs. 2,8%). A análise multivariada por regressão logística confirmou que o uso de biocombustíveis está associado às seguintes variáveis: tosse ( The subjects were selected using a multistage stratified sample design. The localities that constituted the Ijero local government area were listed and class...

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