RIS Assisted UAV for Weather-Dependent Satellite Terrestrial Integrated Network With Hybrid FSO/RF Systems

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the performance of hybrid free-space optical (FSO) and radio frequency (RF) relay systems in satellite terrestrial integrated network where the effect of weather conditions is taking into consideration. Specifically, we design three different relay schemes in different weather conditions based on high-altitude platform station (HAPS) and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The RF link is modeled by shadowed Rician model while the FSO link is assumed to follow the Gamma-Gamma distribution in the presence of path loss, pointing errors and angle-of-arrival (AOA) fluctuations where it operates under either intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD) or heterodyne detection (HD). The performance of our proposed scheme is evaluated in terms of outage probability, average bit-error rate (BER) and ergodic capacity in the form of bivariate Fox's H function and bivariate Meijer's G function. Moreover, asymptotic results and diversity order for the outage and average BER at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime are also obtained to get more insights. Finally, numerical results and comparison scheme are provided to verify the accuracy and superiority of our scheme.

Resource allocation for hybrid FSO/RF satellite-assisted multiple backhauled UAVs over Starlink networks

“…As reported in [3], the RF link between the LEO satellite and the UAV 𝑖 can be modeled by the Rician model, which fits well with the satellite channel model. The PDF and CDF of the channel SNR, denoted as 𝛾 R,𝑖 , are given as…”

“…As released by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), NTN includes satellites and networked flying platforms (NFPs), which offer wide-area coverage, scalability, flexible deployment, and cost-effectiveness [2]. On the other hand, by integrating technological benefits and the prevention of defects, hybrid FSO/RF schemes offer highly efficient and reliable transmissions [3]. As a result, hybrid FSO/RF-based NTNs are widely recognized for a diverse range of applications, such as post-disaster/emergency communications, wireless backhauling connectivity, and Internet-of-Remote Things (IoRT).…”

Hybrid FSO/RF Communications in Space–Air–Ground Integrated Networks: A Reduced Overhead Link Selection Policy

“…In the past few years, there have been numerous contributions within the realm of integrated networks that combine FSO and RF technologies with satellite and aerial components, e.g., [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In [13], an analytical expression for the outage probability (OP) in a SAGIN has been presented, taking into account the impact of pointing errors in the satellite-aerial segment.…”

“…[20] focuses on a hybrid FSO/RF and SAGIN, in which the OP and the average symbol error probability were investigated, also taking into account various propagation phenomena such as turbulence and weather effects. Finally, in [21], the performance of hybrid FSO/RF relay systems in a satellite terrestrial integrated network was investigated, and the effect of weather conditions was also taken into consideration. In that study, three different schemes were designed on HAPS, while reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted UAVs were also considered.…”