Riparian land-use impacts on bank erosion and deposition of an incised stream in north-central Iowa, USA

Zaimes, George Ν.; Schultz, Richard C.

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2014.09.013

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The voltage outputs from the PEEP were logged at 15-second intervals and averaged every 15 minutes in this study, similar to other PEEP studies (e.g. Couperthwaite et al, 1998;Mitchell et al, 2003;Horn and Lane, 2006;Lawler, 2008;McDermott and Sherman, 2009;Zaimes and Schultz, 2015).…”

Section: Peep System Components and Operating Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding mass fluvial erosion along a bank profile: using PEEP technology for quantifying retreat lengths and identifying event timing

Papanicolaou

Wilson

Tsakiris

et al. 2017

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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This study provides fundamental examination of mass fluvial erosion along a stream bank by identifying event timing, quantifying retreat lengths, and providing ranges of incipient shear stress for hydraulically driven erosion. Mass fluvial erosion is defined here as the detachment of thin soil layers or conglomerates from the bank face under higher hydraulic shear stresses relative to surface fluvial erosion, or the entrainment of individual grains or aggregates under lower hydraulic shear stresses. We explore the relationship between the two regimes in a representative, US Midwestern stream with semi‐cohesive bank soils, namely Clear Creek, IA. Photo‐Electronic Erosion Pins (PEEPs) provide, for the first time, in situ measurements of mass fluvial erosion retreat lengths during a season. The PEEPs were installed at identical locations where surface fluvial erosion measurements exist for identifying the transition point between the two regimes. This transition is postulated to occur when the applied shear stress surpasses a second threshold, namely the critical shear stress for mass fluvial erosion. We hypothesize that the regimes are intricately related and surface fluvial erosion can facilitate mass fluvial erosion. Selective entrainment of unbound/exposed, mostly silt‐sized particles at low shear stresses over sand‐sized sediment can armor the bank surface, limiting the removal of the underlying soil. The armoring here is enhanced by cementation from the presence of optimal levels of sand and clay. Select studies show that fluvial erosion strength can increase several‐fold when appropriate amounts of sand and clay are mixed and cement together. Hence, soil layers or conglomerates are entrained with higher flows. The critical shear stress for mass fluvial erosion was found to be an order of magnitude higher than that of surface fluvial erosion, and proceeded with higher (approximately 2–4 times) erodibility. The results were well represented by a mechanistic detachment model that captures the two regimes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Peep System Components and Operating Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding mass fluvial erosion along a bank profile: using PEEP technology for quantifying retreat lengths and identifying event timing

Papanicolaou

Wilson

Tsakiris

et al. 2017

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…Riparian vegetation is used in bank stabilization, bank erosion control, restoring channel geomorphology, and habitat creation (Lyons et al 2000). In comparison with forested stream reaches, nonforest reaches typically have lower channel widths, and this has been observed in multiple geographic locations including the Piedmont region of the United States (Zimmerman et al 1967;Hession et al 2003;Sweeney et al 2004;McBride et al 2008), the Midwestern USA (Trimble 1997;Zaimes and Schultz 2015), New Zealand (Davies-Colley 1997;Quinn et al 1997), and the UK (Murgatroyd and Ternan 1983). Channel incision and reduction of overall stream habitat (i.e., benthic surface area) have generally been viewed as negative consequences of channel narrowing with deforestation in naturally forested regions (Sweeney et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most assessments of the impact of riparian vegetation on channel geomorphology have focused on regions outside the Canadian Prairies with higher topographic gradients, where native vegetation was primarily forest, and in regions where rainfall rather than snowmelt-driven runoff events are common (Lyons et al 2000;Stewart et al 2010). In other temperate regions, freeze-thaw cycles have been observed to increase potential for soil losses through bank failure or loosening of material, with highest rates frequently being observed under riparian forest (Zaimes and Schultz 2015). Although riparian soils on the prairies tend to remain frozen throughout the winter (Satchithanantham et al 2017), bank thaw over the course of snowmelt and with inundation of flooded areas may be important processes defining bank erosion potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel geomorphology differences between stream reaches with grass- or tree-dominated riparian vegetation in southern Manitoba

Satchithanantham

Wilson

Michiels

et al. 2019

FACETS

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Removal of trees for pasture or crop production is common along the stream reaches in the Canadian Prairies, resulting in a patchwork of forested and nonforest riparian vegetation along most streams. The effect of vegetation type on channel geomorphology and potential to influence sediment dynamics was studied using eight paired reaches (forested and nonforest) within agricultural watersheds in southern Manitoba, Canada. High potential for bank erosion was observed at all sites (bank erosion hazard index scores), but Pfankuch channel stability scores were significantly higher for forested reaches compared with nonforested reaches. Furthermore, forested reaches had higher width to depth ratios, but flood-prone widths did not differ significantly, resulting in lower entrenchment ratios. Reduced channel width and cross-sectional area in nonforested reaches created an overall reduction of in-stream habitat, increased velocity, and increased potential for exceedance of channel capacity and floodplain access during high-flow events. Channel widening in response to riparian afforestation efforts has been observed in a variety of other locations globally and the results of this study suggest that widening with afforestation can still be anticipated in this region where stream gradients are low, hydrology is dominated by snowmelt, and forest cover is minimal.

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“…They act as connectors between organisms and habitats (Smith and Finch, 2013) and influence the environmental quality of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems (Pusey and Arthington, 2003). They also play an essential role in mitigating the effects of flooding and carry out geomorphological functions such as stabilising sediments and preventing the erosion of riverbanks (Bennett and Simon, 2004;Stone et al, 2013;Zaimes and Schultz, 2015). However, riparian vegetation is in a general state of degradation because of various human activities (Suárez et al, 2002), which, in certain cases, are threatening the existence and sustainability of riparian vegetation and the services it offers (Tockner et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variation of Woody Riparian Vegetation across the Riverbank Topographic Gradient in Mediterranean Rivers: Species and Growth Categories

Fernández-Santamarina

Magdaleno

Údias

2015

River Res. Applic.

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The composition and structure of riparian vegetation are linked to the natural hydrological variability and variation of environmental parameters in several spatial scales. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between the spatial distribution of the woody riparian vegetation and the variation in the riverbank topographic gradient, verifying whether this variation was significant between species and/or growth categories. Specifically, our research examined the location of the woody species with respect to the thalweg along two reaches of the Jarama River in Central Spain. The positioning variables of each individual and distance and elevation above the thalweg were evaluated for four growth categories using statistical analysis.This study revealed that the positioning of the species along reaches is not random and differs with the species and growth categories. In addition, groups of species were specified in the different growth categories using similar positioning patterns with respect to the thalweg. Examples of similar groups of species in a specifically growth category were as follows: Alnus glutinosa-Salix alba-Salix fragilis for one reach and Alnus glutinosa-Populus nigra-Salix alba-Salix salviifolia for the other one. Topographical preference ranges of the riparian species and groups of the Jarama River were also obtained. The integration of data relative to the distribution of species along the topographic gradient can be very useful in identifying species with a preference for specific locations and can also contribute to the success of the measures adopted to restore these frequently highly degraded environments.

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Riparian land-use impacts on bank erosion and deposition of an incised stream in north-central Iowa, USA

Cited by 36 publications

References 44 publications

Understanding mass fluvial erosion along a bank profile: using PEEP technology for quantifying retreat lengths and identifying event timing

Understanding mass fluvial erosion along a bank profile: using PEEP technology for quantifying retreat lengths and identifying event timing

Channel geomorphology differences between stream reaches with grass- or tree-dominated riparian vegetation in southern Manitoba

Spatial Variation of Woody Riparian Vegetation across the Riverbank Topographic Gradient in Mediterranean Rivers: Species and Growth Categories

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