“…The application of wireless communication technology has promoted the development of PLLs with low jitter, small area, and low power [1,2,3,4,5]. Voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) are the key module of PLLs, which must possess the characteristics of low power and low phase noise to meet the needs of the low power 802.11ah standard for Internet of Things [6,7,8,9,10,11], i.e. in the frequency range below 1 GHz, power consumption and phase noise need to be less than 5 mW and -100 dBc/Hz, respectively.…”