Ring Method for the Determination of Interfacial Tension

Zuidema, H Hans; Waters, George A.

doi:10.1021/i560093a009

Cited by 190 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Sample temperature was maintained at 25.0 ± 0.1°C by using a circulating water thermostatic bath (ISCO GTR 2000 IIx). The data were corrected according to the Zuidema and Waters method [17]. The instrument was calibrated against double-distilled (and previously deionised) water, equilibrated against atmospheric CO 2 , each time measurements were done.…”

Section: Surface Tension Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the counterion responsible for the unusual thermodynamic behaviour of the aqueous solutions of gemini bispyridinium surfactants?

Fisicaro

Compari

Bacciottini

et al. 2014

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

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Apparent and partial molar enthalpies at 298 K of the aqueous solutions of cationic gemini surfactants 1,1′-didodecyl-2,2′-trimethylenebispyridinium dichloride (12-Py(2)-3-(2)Py-12 Cl); 1,1′-didodecyl-2,2′-tetramethylenebispyridinium dichloride (12-Py(2)-4-(2)Py-12 Cl); 1,1′-didodecyl-2,2′-octamethylenebispyridinium dichloride (12-Py(2)-8-(2)Py-12 Cl); 1,1′-didodecyl-2,2′-dodecamethylenebispyridinium dichloride (12-Py(2)-12-(2)Py-12 Cl) were measured as a function of concentration and are here reported for the first time. The curve of the compound with the four carbon atoms spacer lies between those of the compound with spacer of 2 and 3 carbon atoms, not below the latter, as expected. This behaviour, we have already found for the same compounds here studied, but having methanesulfonate as counterion, is interpreted as an evidence of a conformation change of the molecule determined by stacking interactions between the two pyridinium rings, appearing at an optimum length of the spacer. The curves of apparent and molar enthalpies vs. concentration and surface tension measurements, here reported, show that this behaviour is independent on the counterion. On the contrary, the group contribution additivity for the counterion is respected, independently on the spacer length.Keywords. Apparent and partial molar enthalpies; cationic gemini surfactants; 1,1′-didodecyl-2,2′-trimethylenebispyridinium dichloride; 1,1′-didodecyl-2,2′-tetramethylenebispyridinium dichloride; 1,1′-didodecyl-2,2′-octamethylenebispyridinium dichloride; 1,1′-didodecyl-2,2′-dodecamethylenebispyridinium dichloride; micellization enthalpy, group contribution.Briefs. Apparent and partial molar enthalpies at 298 K of the aqueous solutions of cationic gemini surfactants 1,1′-didodecyl-2,2′-trimethylenebispyridinium dichloride (12-Py(2)-3-(2)Py-12 Cl);1,1′-didodecyl-2,2′-tetramethylenebispyridinium dichloride (12-Py(2)-4-(2)Py-12 Cl); 1,1′-didodecyl-2,2′-octamethylenebispyridinium dichloride (12-Py(2)-8-(2)Py-12 Cl); 1,1′-didodecyl-2,2′-dodecamethylenebispyridinium dichloride (12-Py(2)-12-(2)Py-12 Cl) have been measured as a function of concentration, in order to confirm the lack of methylene group additivity with respect to the enthalpic properties of the solutions, when it is added in the spacer, already found in the case of methansulfonates. The data obtained support the hypothesis of a conformation change dependent on the spacer length, but independent on the counterion.

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Section: Surface Tension Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the counterion responsible for the unusual thermodynamic behaviour of the aqueous solutions of gemini bispyridinium surfactants?

Fisicaro

Compari

Bacciottini

et al. 2014

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

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“…The interfacial tension has been measured utilizing a ring tensiometer (Lauda Co., TD 1). Using the density correction by Zuidema & Waters (1941) we get σ = 6.6 ± 0.3 mN m −1 . This value was corroborated by measurements with a drop volume tensiometer utilizing a drop rate of 1/60 s (Lauda Co., TVT 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Unravelling the Rayleigh–Taylor instability by stabilization

2013

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A recently proposed stabilization mechanism for the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, using magnetic fluids and azimuthally rotating magnetic fields, is experimentally investigated in a cylindrical geometry and compared with the theoretical model. This approach allows the imperfection of the experimental setup to be exploited for measuring the critical field strength of the instability without ever reaching the supercritical state. Furthermore, we use a fast increase in the magnetic field strength to prevent an already occurring instability and force the system back to its initial state. In this way we measure the growth dynamics repeatedly and acquire the characteristic time scale τ 0 of the instability.

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“…We measure the interfacial tension between the aqueous 10 mM SDS solution, into which different concentrations of NaCl have been added, and the PDMS oil using a du Nouy ring (Hanson et al 2008;Zuidema and Waters 1941). Before each measurement, we clean the du Nouy ring (CSC Scientific, platinum-iridium, circumference = 5.996 cm; R/r = 55.6, where R is the radius of the ring and r is the radius of the platinum wire) by rinsing it with deionized water and flaming it with a methanol flame.…”

Section: Interfacial Tension Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After waiting 5 min while the ring is fully submerged, we command the tensiometer to lower the crystallizing dish using a LabVIEW-controlled motor, and we digitally record the force on the ring by the bottom hook of the balance as the ring is slowly pulled through the interface at a rate of 0.10 mm/s until the interface detaches from the ring. We use the peak force and the mass densities to calculate the interfacial tension (Zuidema and Waters 1941). All surface tension measurements have been performed at room temperature, T = 298 K, the same as has been used for the rheometry measurements.…”

Section: Interfacial Tension Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entropic, electrostatic, and interfacial regimes in concentrated disordered ionic emulsions

2016

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We develop a free energy model that describes two key thermodynamic properties, the osmotic pressure Π and the linear elastic shear modulus G′ p (i.e. plateau storage modulus), of concentrated monodisperse emulsions which have isotropic, disordered, droplet structures, and are stabilized using ionic surfactants. This model effectively incorporates the concept of random close packing or jamming of repulsive spheres into a free energy F that depends on droplet volume fraction ϕ and shear strain γ both below and above the a critical jamming point ϕ c ≈ 0.646. This free energy has three terms: entropic, electrostatic, and interfacial (EEI). By minimizing F with respect to an average droplet deformation parameter that links all three terms, we show that the entropic term is dominant for ϕ well below ϕ c , the electrostatic term is dominant for ϕ near but below ϕ c , and the interfacial term dominates for larger ϕ. This EEI model describes measurements of G′ p (ϕ) for charge-stabilized uniform emulsions having a wide range of droplet sizes, ranging from nanoscale to microscale, and it also is consistent with measurements of Π(ϕ). Moreover, it describes G′ p (ϕ) for similar nanoemulsions after adding non-amphiphilic salt, when changes in the interfacial tension and the Debye screening length are properly taken into account. By unifying existing approaches, the EEI model predicts constitutive properties of concentrated ionic emulsions that have disordered, out-ofequilibrium structures through near-equilibrium free energy minimization, consistent with random driving Brownian excitations.

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Ring Method for the Determination of Interfacial Tension

Cited by 190 publications

References 13 publications

Is the counterion responsible for the unusual thermodynamic behaviour of the aqueous solutions of gemini bispyridinium surfactants?

Is the counterion responsible for the unusual thermodynamic behaviour of the aqueous solutions of gemini bispyridinium surfactants?

Unravelling the Rayleigh–Taylor instability by stabilization

Entropic, electrostatic, and interfacial regimes in concentrated disordered ionic emulsions

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