Ring-Assisted Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Silicon Modulator for Enhanced Performance

Modeling and bandwidth optimization of microring resonator modulators with phase ring enhancements

“…It is a promising candidate for high performance optical modulators. However, it requires high driving voltages [7]. Modified resonators based on this structure have been reported [7,8].…”

“…However, it requires high driving voltages [7]. Modified resonators based on this structure have been reported [7,8]. Adding a phase ring to one of the arms of the MZI can enhance the phase shift between the two arms effectively and reduce the required driving voltage [7].…”

Silicon photonic network-on-chip and enabling components

“…By utilizing nanoscale lithographic techniques, passive devices based on sub-micron Si waveguides, such as filters [19−22], directional couplers [23,24], multi-mode interferometers (MMIs) [25,26], Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) [27,28], arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) [29,30], and photonic crystal devices [31−34], have been demonstrated. For a long time, Si has not been considered as an optical material because it lacks the commonly used physical effects such as the electro-optic effect and stimulated emission.…”

Self-aligned silicon ring resonator optical modulator with focused ion beam error correction

“…Several ring resonator based modulator devices have been demonstrated recently [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In [11][12][13][14] modulation data is presented up to ~40Gbit/s in a ring based device.…”

“…In [17] a heater is incorporated with a high speed ring modulator to allow tuning or stabilisation of the resonant wavelength during operation. In [18] a ring resonator modulator is combined with an MZI to ease the sensitivity of the device to fabrication tolerances. Finally, in [19] a differentially driven disk resonator is demonstrated with a power consumption as low as 2fj/bit.…”