Rigid Polyurethane Foams as External Tank Cryogenic Insulation for Space Launchers

Cābulis, Uģis; Yakushin, Vladimir; Fischer, Wolfgang; Rundāns, Māris; Sevastyanova, Irina; Deme, Laimonis

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/500/1/012009

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Natural fibers can also be damaged by different bacteria, microorganisms, etc. To sum up, the modification of natural fibers should be carried out to improve their moisture resistance, interfacial adhesion, and compatibility with the polymer matrix [ 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As liquified H 2 is stored at 20 K and liquified O 2 at 89 K, fuel tanks need to be equipped with suitable insulation. Rigid PU foams have been chosen as insulation for tanks due to low thermal conductivity, cell structure, low density, and other parameters [ 24 , 25 ]. Rigid PU foams can be applied using a spray-on process, which can be considered an advantage because fuel tanks with complex shapes are entirely covered with insulation in such cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyurethane Foam Composites Reinforced with Renewable Fillers for Cryogenic Insulation

Sture¹,

Vēvere²,

Kirpļuks³

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Sawdust, microcellulose and nanocellulose and their silanized forms were used to reinforce rigid polyurethane (PU) foam composites. The concentration of fillers was varied in the range of 0.5–1.5%. For rigid PU foam formulations, three polyols from recycled and renewable materials were used, among other components. Polyols were obtained from rapeseed oil, tall oil fatty acids and recycled polyethylene terephthalate. As rigid PU foam composites in literature have been described as appropriate thermal insulation material, the appliance of obtained composites for cryogenic insulation was investigated by determining the various physical-mechanical properties of composites. The physical-mechanical properties, such as the modulus of elasticity, compressive and tensile strength in both 293 K and 77 K, adhesion measurements with and without cryo-shock, apparent density, thermal conductivity coefficient, and safety coefficient were measured. The results showed that the addition of fillers did not give a significant improvement of characteristics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethane Foam Composites Reinforced with Renewable Fillers for Cryogenic Insulation

Sture¹,

Vēvere²,

Kirpļuks³

et al. 2021

Polymers

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“…The main advantage of rigid PUR foams is the possibility to cover this material on the complicated shape metal surfaces by a spraying method. The properties of the material and its adhesion to the substrate depend not only on the chemical structure and macromolecular architecture of the polymer matrix but also on the technological factors of PUR foam production [22]. This paper presents the possibility of obtaining rigid PUR foams based on bio-polyols from renewable raw materials as thermal insulation materials, which can be used at cryogenic temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Oil-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foam Thermal Insulation Applicable at Cryogenic Temperatures

et al. 2021

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This paper presents research into the preparation of rigid polyurethane foams with bio-polyols from rapeseed and tall oil. Rigid polyurethane foams were designed with a cryogenic insulation application for aerospace in mind. The polyurethane systems containing non-renewable diethylene glycol (DEG) were modified by replacing it with rapeseed oil-based low functional polyol (LF), obtained by a two-step reaction of epoxidation and oxirane ring opening with 1-hexanol. It was observed that as the proportion of the LF polyol in the polyurethane system increased, so too did the apparent density of the foam material. An increase in the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient was associated with an increase in the value of apparent density. Mechanical tests showed that the rigid polyurethane foam had higher compressive strength at cryogenic temperatures compared with the values obtained at room temperature. The adhesion test indicated that the foams subjected to cryo-shock obtained similar values of adhesion strength to the materials that were not subjected to this test. The results obtained were higher than 0.1 MPa, which is a favourable value for foam materials in low-temperature applications.

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“…Rigid polyurethane (PU) foam is a polymer that shows outstanding insulation and mechanical properties, and can therefore be utilized in various fields; for example, it has served as a buffer material for furniture and cars and an insulating material in buildings. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In particular, rigid PU foam is used as a thermally insulating material in the liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanks of ships that must maintain cryogenic conditions during transportation. 1,2 To manufacture rigid PU foams, it is necessary to add blowing agents along with polyol and isocyanate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8][9] However, very few studies have measured those properties under cryogenic conditions. [2][3][4] The operation temperature of LNG carrier is À162°C. 2 Thus, we report the thermal conductivity and mechanical strength of PU foams according to their PFA content under both ambient and cryogenic conditions up to À160°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogenic thermal insulating and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foams blown with hydrofluoroolefin: Effect of perfluoroalkane

Kim

Lee

Hwang³

et al. 2021

Journal of Cellular Plastics

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The effect of perfluoroalkane (PFA) on the morphology, thermal conductivity, mechanical properties and thermal stability of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams was investigated under ambient and cryogenic conditions. The PU foams were blown with hydrofluorolefin. Morphological results showed that the minimum cell size (153 μm) was observed when the PFA content was 1.0 part per hundred polyols by weight (php). This was due to the lower surface tension of the mixed polyol solution when the PFA content was 1.0 php. The thermal conductivity of PU foams measured under ambient (0.0215 W/mK) and cryogenic (0.0179 W/mK at −100°C) conditions reached a minimum when the PFA content was 1.0 php. The low value of thermal conductivity was a result of the small cell size of the foams. The above results suggest that PFA acted as a nucleating agent to enhanced the thermal insulation properties of PU foams. The compressive and shear strengths of the PU foams did not appreciably change with PFA content at either −170°C or 20°C. However, it shows that the mechanical strengths at −170°C and 20°C for the PU foams meet the specification. Coefficient of thermal expansion, and thermal shock tests of the PU foams showed enough thermal stability for the LNG carrier’s operation temperature. Therefore, it is suggested that the PU foams blown by HFO with the PFA addition can be used as a thermal insulation material for a conventional LNG carrier.

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Rigid Polyurethane Foams as External Tank Cryogenic Insulation for Space Launchers

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Polyurethane Foam Composites Reinforced with Renewable Fillers for Cryogenic Insulation

Polyurethane Foam Composites Reinforced with Renewable Fillers for Cryogenic Insulation

Natural Oil-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foam Thermal Insulation Applicable at Cryogenic Temperatures

Cryogenic thermal insulating and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foams blown with hydrofluoroolefin: Effect of perfluoroalkane

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