Rigid and steric hindering bisphosphate flame retardants for polycarbonate

Huang, Kai; Yao, Qiang

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.01.011

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…SPDPC was synthesized according to the literature from pentaerythritol and phosphorus oxychloride. AFLAMMIT PCO 910 is a commercial available phosphonate from Thor.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The obtained solid was dried in vacuo for 24 h. Yield: 81% 1 H NMR (300.38 MHz, 298 K, CDCl 3 ): δ = 4.59 (ddd, 1H; J = 28.5 Hz, 12.4 Hz, 2.8 Hz); 4.44–4.27 (m, 1H); 4.19–3.88 (m, 2H) ppm. 31 P NMR (121.60 MHz/298 K/ CDCl 3 ): δ = −3.09 ppm …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33), a = 11.4710 (3) Å, b = 6.1955 (2) Å, c = 25.7028 (7) Å, V = 1826.66 (9) Å 3 , Z = 4, T = 150.15 K, μ(GaKα) = 1.663 mm −1 , D calc = 1.499 g cm −3 , 11,487 reflections measured (5.984° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 114.982°), 3743 unique ( R int = 0.0328, R sigma = 0.0237) which were used in all calculations. The final R 1 was 0.0498 [ I > 2σ( I )] and wR 2 was 0.1407 (all data) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Flame retardant polyester by combination of organophosphorus compounds and an NOR radical forming agent

Goedderz

Weber

Markert

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polymer materials with different surface-to-volume ratios require different mechanisms of flame retardants regarding condensed phase and gas phase activity. The flame retardant formulations in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) are investigated regarding a condensed phase and gas phase activity by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), TG-mass spectrometry (MS), TG-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UL94, cone calorimeter and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer measurements. The flame retardant formulations containing phosphates, phosphonates, and phosphinates as flame retardants are analyzed by using a simultaneous analysis consisting of a differential thermal analysis-TGA device which is in situ coupled to FTIR and MS. All analysis methods show a gas phase activity for the phosphonate (PCO 910), a condensed phase activity for the phosphate (3,9-bis(phenoxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro-5,5-undecane-3,9-dioxide, (SPDPP) and a mixed condensed and gas phase activity for the new synthesized phosphate and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide containing flame retardant 3, 4,8,. The fire behavior of PCO 910 can be improved by adding O,O'-Terephthaloyl-bis-N,N'-naphthalimide ester as NOR radical-forming agent (NOR-RF) reaching a total amount of 3 wt % of both active agents for a UL94 V-0 classification in PET.

show abstract

“…SPDPC was synthesized according to the literature from pentaerythritol and phosphorus oxychloride. AFLAMMIT PCO 910 is a commercial available phosphonate from Thor.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Flame retardant polyester by combination of organophosphorus compounds and an NOR radical forming agent

Goedderz

Weber

Markert

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has largely been neglected in the literature but might find answers from the coal chemistry [28] . A crucial coal characteristic is its caking property that describes the plasticity and is the key to the quality of the protective char [29] .…”

Section: Cone Calorimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of enhancement of intumescent fire retardancy by metal acetates in polypropylene

Zhang

Fang

et al. 2017

Polymer Degradation and Stability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of cobalt acetate (CoAc), manganese acetate (MnAc), nickel acetate (NiAc) and zinc acetate (ZnAc) as fire retardant additive in intumescent polypropylene (PP) formulations containing PP/ammonium polyphosphate (APP)/pentaerythritol (PER) are reported. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning (UL94) tests and cone calorimetry were used to quantify the enhancement. Environmental chamber rheometry, thermal gravimetric analysis and the morphology of the residual char were used to investigate the mechanism of enhancement. The incorporation of small quantities of metal acetates had a significant influence on the fire behaviour. As an example, 0.7 wt% MnAc improved the UL 94 rating of PP/APP+PER (mass ratio 100/25, with APP/PER=3/1) sample from V-2 to V-0, while 1 wt% MnAc reduced the peak heat release rate and the total heat release by 18% and 12% in the cone calorimeter. Rheological data, cone calorimetry, and photographs of the residual char showed how the fire retardancy of the systems were affected by the melt viscosity, which depended on the loading of metal acetate. During thermal decomposition, the metal acetates promote the crosslinking of the polymer and the fire retardant, reinforcing the protective intumescent layer. While, the effect is most potent at the optimal metal loadings. At higher MnAc loadings, the benefit of a stronger char is overwhelmed by the adverse effect of crosslinking on the transition char layer. Thus, this paper offers a new insight into the mechanism of the intumescent fire retarded PP system.

show abstract

“…Polycarbonate (PC) has become the fastest growing general engineering plastic among the five engineering plastics due to its good physical and chemical properties, including excellent transparency, high mechanical strength, good thermal stability, and high heat distortion temperature [1][2][3]. Moreover, PC exhibits more superior flame retardancy than ordinary plastics owing to its relatively high limiting oxygen index (22%-25%) and flame-retardant grade (UL-94 V-2) [4,5]. Nevertheless, it is still difficult to meet the harsh requirement of flame retardancy in some specific applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Step Synthesis of Highly Efficient Oligo(phenylphosphonic Dihydroxypropyl Silicone Oil) Flame Retardant for Polycarbonate

Qiao¹,

Wang²,

Zou³

et al. 2019

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A highly efficient flame retardant and smoke suppression oligomer, oligo(phenylphosphonic dihydroxypropyl silicone oil) (PPSO), was synthesized by a one-step reaction. The chemical structure of PPSO was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance ( 31 P NMR), and 29 Si nuclear magnetic resonance ( 29 Si NMR). The flame-retardant effect of PPSO on the polycarbonate (PC) matrix was investigated by limiting oxygen index, UL-94 vertical burning test, and cone calorimetry, respectively. The results showed that PC/PPSO composites passed UL-94 V-0 rate testing with only 1.3 wt. % PPSO. Furthermore, the incorporation of PPSO can suppress the release of smoke. The flame-retardant mechanism was also investigated via thermogravimetric analysis-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), field-emission scanning electronic microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. From the result of pyrolysis gas and char residue, PPSO played a synergistic flame-retardant mechanism including the gas phase and the condensed phase.Polymers 2019, 11, 1977 2 of 12 and it was used together with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to fabricate a flame-retardant system for epoxy resins (EP) [20]. When 3% PSiN and 7% DOPO were incorporated, the LOI value of EP was found to be 34% and the UL-94 test was found to be class V-0. The microstructures observed by scanning electron microscopy and FTIR indicated that the surface of the char for the EP/DOPO/PSiN system holds a more cohesive and dense char structure when compared to the pure EP and EP/DOPO systems. Many works have been performed on the compounds containing two or more flame-retardant elements including phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur, and boron [21][22][23][24][25]. However, few studies have reported on flame retardants containing both phosphorus and silicon, and the weight ratios of the flame retardants were too high [26,27]. For example, Yang group designed a novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane containing 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO-POSS) and incorporated it into the PC matrix, and the PC/DOPO-POSS composites passed UL-94 V-0 rate testing, but the weight ratio (6 wt. %) of the flame retardant was relative high [26]. Recently, a polymer flame retardant named HSPCTP has been prepared by our group and incorporated into the PC matrix, and the PC/HSPCTP composites passed UL-94 V-0 rating testing with only 3 wt. % HSPCTP [13]. This excellent property resulted from the synergistic effect of a gas phase flame retardant and condensed phase flame. These results suggest that phosphorus and silicon are a good combination to prepare a flame retardant. But the synthesis of this flame retardant is complicated. Therefore, it is worth preparing a high efficient flame retardant with a simple method.In this study, a novel oligomer flame retardant containing phosphorus and silicon was synthesized by a one-step reaction and then blended with PC. Combining the advantages of ph...

show abstract

Rigid and steric hindering bisphosphate flame retardants for polycarbonate

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Flame retardant polyester by combination of organophosphorus compounds and an NOR radical forming agent

Flame retardant polyester by combination of organophosphorus compounds and an NOR radical forming agent

Mechanism of enhancement of intumescent fire retardancy by metal acetates in polypropylene

One-Step Synthesis of Highly Efficient Oligo(phenylphosphonic Dihydroxypropyl Silicone Oil) Flame Retardant for Polycarbonate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About