“…Sociologists and historians have reported similar findings regarding Islamic cultural shame around transgender identities even without parallel legislative transprohibitions in South Africa (Bonthuys & Erlank, 2012), Morocco (Nicholas, 2017), Pakistan (Saeed, Mughal, & Farooq, 2018), Turkey (Alti-nay, 2008), Thailand (Yadegarfard, Meinhold-Bergmann, & Ho, 2014), and Egypt (Alipour, 2017). Furthermore, human rights reports suggest that transgender individuals face physical violence, honor killings, work discrimination and criminalization across a number of Muslim majority countries (Ghoshal & Knight, 2016). However, given the cultural diversity across regions and religious sects, universally characterizing contemporary Islamic attitudes toward transgender individuals thus becomes challenging (Yip, 2004).…”