“…This line of research has shown that nationalism tends to be related to more prejudicial outgroup feelings, while patriotism is either not related to prejudice, or even to lower levels of prejudice ( Wagner et al, 2012 ). Further, collective narcissism and blind patriotism are related to outgroup aggression and negative attitudes toward minorities and immigrants ( Golec de Zavala et al, 2009 ; Golec de Zavala and Cichocka, 2011 ; Green et al, 2011 ; Cichocka, 2016 ), while national identification and constructive patriotism are unrelated to outgroup aggression ( Golec de Zavala et al, 2009 ), or even positively to outgroup attitudes and tolerance ( Verkuyten et al, 2021 ).…”