Right ventricular pacing is an independent predictor for ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation occurrence and heart failure events in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

Gardiwal, Ajmal; Yu, Hong; Oswald, Hanno; Luesebrink, Ulrich; Ludwig, Andreas; Pichlmaier, A. M.; Drexler, Helmut; Klein, Gunnar

doi:10.1093/europace/eun019

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…28 The ventricular dyssynchrony associated with PVCs, particularly when the PVC burden is high, may contribute to LV dilation and impaired function in a fashion previously described for patients with left bundle branch block or chronic right ventricular pacing. [25][26][27][28][29] Right ventricular pacing is notably associated with dyssynchronous ventricular contraction, 39 changes in cardiac sympathetic activity, histopathology as well as ion channel expression and function 40 ; animal models have shown that right ventricular pacing induces asymmetrical myocardial hypertrophy, myofibrillar disarray, and increased catecholamine concentrations in the myocardium. [41][42][43] Although clinical studies describe LV dysfunction developing over reasonably long periods of time (Ͼ4 years in the series of Niwano et al 13 ), in canine models, LV dysfunction occurred within 4 to 12 weeks of induced ventricular ectopy.…”

Section: Mechanisms and Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Premature Ventricular Contraction-Induced Cardiomyopathy

Mei

Lee

Klarich

et al. 2012

Circ: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology

175

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Section: Mechanisms and Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Premature Ventricular Contraction-Induced Cardiomyopathy

Mei

Lee

Klarich

et al. 2012

Circ: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology

175

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“…In post-MI patients, RV apical pacing was associated with a worsening of LV function, suggesting at the same time that among MI survivors, the need for pacemaker may be a marker of worse outcome [50]. Cumulative RV pacing > 2% and EF < 40% are independent predictors of ventricular tachycardia/ /ventricular fibrillation occurrence, higher mortality rate and HF hospitalizations in patients after cardioverter-defibrillator implantation [51].…”

Section: Ewa Majos Et Al the Right Ventricle In Patients With Chronmentioning

confidence: 99%

The right ventricle in patients with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation

Majos

Dąbrowski²,

Szwed³

2013

Cardiol J

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“…24 The mechanism of heart failure development in chronic right ventricular pacing is not entirely known but may in part be due to an abnormal activation pattern of the ventricle. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that various forms of abnormal ventricular activation have been shown to adversely affect left ventricular systolic function including chronic right ventricular pacing, [25][26][27] left bundle branch block 28,29 and ventricular pre-excitation. 30,31 Given this, chronic atrial pacing is likely a more pure model of TIC, as it should result in fewer electromechanical changes in the ventricles beyond increased rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What About Tachycardia-induced Cardiomyopathy?

Ellis¹,

Josephson²

2013

Arrhythmia &Amp; Electrophysiology Review

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Cardiomyopathies are heterogeneous heart muscle disorders with a wide range of aetiologies and clinical manifestations. They are often defined by their causes (i.e. hypertension, prior myocardial infarction, valvular heart disease), although current major society definitions describe cardiomyopathy as the presence of abnormal myocardial structure and/or function in the absence of underlying structural heart disease. Long-standing tachycardia is a well-recognised cause of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction, and has led to the nomenclature, tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC). TIC is generally a reversible cardiomyopathy if the tachycardia can be treated effectively, either with medications, surgery or catheter ablation. TIC can also manifest in patients with baseline left ventricular dysfunction from underlying structural heart disease that develop a worsening of their myocardial dysfunction in the setting of prolonged tachycardia, which can be reversed with control of the tachycardia. The diagnosis is usually made after demonstrating recovery of left ventricular function with normalisation of heart rate in the absence of other identifiable aetiologies.TIC was first described in 1913 in a young patient who presented with congestive heart failure (CHF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) with rapid ventricular response.1 In the subsequent decades, further reports were written documenting cases of complete resolution of CHF after cardioversion of AF to sinus rhythm.2-4 A century after the first reported case, we are still working to expand our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this disorder. A variety of chronic or incessant tachyarrhythmias have been implicated in the pathogenesis of TIC, the most classic being AF, 5-7 atrial flutter, 8 incessant supraventricular tachycardia, 9-12 ventricular tachycardia [13][14][15][16] and premature ventricular depolarizations 17 (see Table 1). The most common presentation is a dilated cardiomyopathy with or without the causative tachycardia.Given that this diagnosis represents a potentially reversible cause of heart failure, its recognition is critically important. In this review, we will discuss the proposed mechanisms of TIC, the causative tachycardias and their treatment, outcomes for patients diagnosed with TIC, and future directions for research and clinical care. Experimental Models BackgroundThe first experimental model of TIC was described by Whipple et al. in 1962 where he demonstrated that rapid, prolonged atrial pacing resulted in low output heart failure.18 This model has since become widely used as a model to study CHF. Animal studies, primarily in dogs and pigs, have shown that sustained rapid atrial or ventricular pacing results in systolic heart failure that is neurohormonally and haemodynamically similar to left ventricular systolic dysfunction in humans. [19][20][21][22][23] The majority of what is known about the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying TIC is supported by pacing-induced heart failure in animal models (see Table 2). It is ...

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Right ventricular pacing is an independent predictor for ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation occurrence and heart failure events in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

Cited by 40 publications

References 31 publications

Premature Ventricular Contraction-Induced Cardiomyopathy

Premature Ventricular Contraction-Induced Cardiomyopathy

The right ventricle in patients with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation

What About Tachycardia-induced Cardiomyopathy?

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