Rift Valley fever virus: strategies for maintenance, survival and vertical transmission in mosquitoes

Lumley, Sarah; Horton, Daniel L.; Hernandez-Triana, Luis L. M; Johnson, Nicholas; Fooks, Anthony R.; Hewson, Roger

doi:10.1099/jgv.0.000765

Cited by 83 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…Infection is usually associated with high neonatal mortality and abortions in ruminants with fever, nasal discharge, listlessness, fetid diarrhea could be observed. Infections in humans are characterized by febrile illness, followed by hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis [14,15]. Surveillance for RVF in most African countries including Nigeria is limited and outbreaks may go unnoticed and therefore misdiagnosed and under reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence of Rift Valley fever infection and risk factors among one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Northern Nigeria

Adamu

Yila

Allam

et al. 2020

Preprint

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43 Background: Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease that has become emerging and re-44 emerging in some regions of the world, infecting livestock and humans. One-humped camels are 45 important economic livestock species in Africa used for traction, transportation, and food.46 Regional and international trade has continued to increase the risk of this disease, spreading 47 widely and causing severe economic and public health catastrophes in affected regions. In spite 48 of these risks, there is a dearth of information about the status of RVF in camels in Nigeria. This 3 49 study was carried out to determine the prevalence of the RVF virus in one-humped camels in 50 Nigeria and identify the risk factors associated with the disease.51 Methods: A cross-sectional study with simple random sampling was carried out in seven local 52 government areas of Jigawa and Katsina States. The sera from camels were tested for anti-RVFV 53 IgG. Camel owners were administered a structured questionnaire to ascertain their knowledge, 54 attitude, and practice. 55 Results: An overall prevalence of 19.9% (95% CI; 17.07-22.90) was recorded. Based on age 56 groups, the highest prevalence of 20.9% (95% CI; 17.00-25.31) was obtained among older 57 camels (6-10 years), while female camels recorded a high prevalence of 20.4% (95%CI; 15.71-58 25.80). Sule Tankar-kar recorded the highest prevalence with 33% (95%CI; 1.31-4.72, p= 0.007) 59 and OR 2.47 in Jigawa State while Mai'adua had 24.7% (95%CI; 0.97-2.73, p=0.030) with OR 60 1.62 in Katsina State respectively. From the risk map, local government areas bordering Niger 61 Republic were at a high risk of RVF. Only high rainfall was not significantly linked with RVF 62 occurrence among nomadic camel pastoralists (95%CI 0.93-5.20; p=0.070). 63Conclusion: There is a need for the country to have quarantine units across borders for 64 screening animals coming from neighbouring countries for transboundary infectious diseases 65 such as RVF. 66

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence of Rift Valley fever infection and risk factors among one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Northern Nigeria

Adamu

Yila

Allam

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Therefore, despite widely accepted, VT still remains generally undetected in most of the RVFV outbreaks recorded during the last 20 years and consequently, its role in maintaining the virus is uncertain (Lumley et al. ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rift Valley Fever – epidemiological update and risk of introduction into Europe

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector‐borne disease transmitted by a broad spectrum of mosquito species, especially Aedes and Culex genus, to animals (domestic and wild ruminants and camels) and humans. Rift Valley fever is endemic in sub‐Saharan Africa and in the Arabian Peninsula, with periodic epidemics characterised by 5–15 years of inter‐epizootic periods. In the last two decades, RVF was notified in new African regions (e.g. Sahel), RVF epidemics occurred more frequently and low‐level enzootic virus circulation has been demonstrated in livestock in various areas. Recent outbreaks in a French overseas department and some seropositive cases detected in Turkey, Tunisia and Libya raised the attention of the EU for a possible incursion into neighbouring countries. The movement of live animals is the most important pathway for RVF spread from the African endemic areas to North Africa and the Middle East. The movement of infected animals and infected vectors when shipped by flights, containers or road transport is considered as other plausible pathways of introduction into Europe. The overall risk of introduction of RVF into EU through the movement of infected animals is very low in all the EU regions and in all MSs (less than one epidemic every 500 years), given the strict EU animal import policy. The same level of risk of introduction in all the EU regions was estimated also considering the movement of infected vectors, with the highest level for Belgium, Greece, Malta, the Netherlands (one epidemic every 228–700 years), mainly linked to the number of connections by air and sea transports with African RVF infected countries. Although the EU territory does not seem to be directly exposed to an imminent risk of RVFV introduction, the risk of further spread into countries neighbouring the EU and the risks of possible introduction of infected vectors, suggest that EU authorities need to strengthen their surveillance and response capacities, as well as the collaboration with North African and Middle Eastern countries.

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“…Humans have also been infected through drinking of raw, unpasteurized milk from infected animals (Ng'ang'a et al 2016). The RVF virus is maintained during the dry season in desiccation-resistant vertically infected eggs of several Aedes species (Lumley et al 2017). RVF epizootics and epidemics usually occur during periods of above normal and prolonged rainfall.…”

Section: Rift Valley Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Diseases in the Environment: An African Perspective

Shenge

Opayele

2020

Current Microbiological Research in Africa

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Rift Valley fever virus: strategies for maintenance, survival and vertical transmission in mosquitoes

Cited by 83 publications

References 125 publications

Serological evidence of Rift Valley fever infection and risk factors among one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Northern Nigeria

Serological evidence of Rift Valley fever infection and risk factors among one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Northern Nigeria

Rift Valley Fever – epidemiological update and risk of introduction into Europe

The Impact and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Diseases in the Environment: An African Perspective

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