Rift Valley Fever Surveillance in Mobile Sheep Flocks in the Nile Delta

Allam, I.H.; Feinsod, Fred M.; Scott, Robert McNair; Peters, C. J.; Saah, AJ; Ghaffar, S. Abdel; Said, Sherif El; Darwish,

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1986.35.1055

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Epidemiological evidence suggests that the sheep surveyed in this study were exposed to RVF virus more than 3 years prior to the sampling period (1). Therefore, the RVF viral antibodies measured in this study were long-lived, and the serological observations relate to remote infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Serological tests for detecting Rift Valley fever viral antibodies in sheep from the Nile Delta

Scott¹,

Feinsod²,

Allam³

et al. 1986

J Clin Microbiol

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To determine the accuracy of serological methods in detecting Rift Valley fever (RVF) viral antibodies, we examined serum samples obtained from 418 sheep in the Nile Delta by using five tests. The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) was considered the standard serological method against which the four other tests were compared. Twenty-four serum samples had RVF viral antibodies detected by PRNT. Hemagglutination inhibition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibodies to RVF virus were also present in the same 24 serum samples. Indirect immunofluorescence was less sensitive in comparison with PRNT, and complement fixation was the least sensitive. These results extend observations made with laboratory animals to a large field-collected group of Egyptian sheep.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Since 1980, RVF virus transmission has not been documented in Egypt (3). To monitor the presence of RVF virus, we have carried out a serosurveillance of sentinel sheep (1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological tests for detecting Rift Valley fever viral antibodies in sheep from the Nile Delta

Scott¹,

Feinsod²,

Allam³

et al. 1986

J Clin Microbiol

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“…In sheep, it was 41.80% in the Nile Valley (Qalyoubia and Menia) during the 1977 RVF epidemic [ 35 ]. In the period between 1980 and 2000, RVFV in sheep was circulating in the Nile Valley governorates at a low prevalence rate (1.20% to 5.91% during the period from 1984 to 1986) [ 38 , 39 ]. In contrast, the seroprevalence rate for RVFV antibodies in sheep was 34.48% in Aswan in 1993 [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Mosquito-Borne Viruses in Egypt: A Systematic Review

Fang

Khater

Xue

et al. 2022

Viruses

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There are at least five common mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs) recorded in Egypt, including dengue virus (DENV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), West Nile virus (WNV), Chikungunya virus, and Sindbis virus. Unexpected outbreaks caused by MBVs reflect the deficiencies of the MBV surveillance system in Egypt. This systematic review characterized the epidemiology of MBV prevalence in Egypt. Human, animal, and vector prevalence studies on MBVs in Egypt were retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, and Bing Scholar, and 33 eligible studies were included for further analyses. The monophyletic characterization of the RVFV and WNV strains found in Egypt, which spans about half a century, suggests that both RVFV and WNV are widely transmitted in this nation. Moreover, the seropositive rates of DENV and WNV in hosts were on the rise in recent years, and spillover events of DENV and WNV to other countries from Egypt have been recorded. The common drawback for surveillance of MBVs in Egypt is the lack of seroprevalence studies on MBVs, especially in this century. It is necessary to evaluate endemic transmission risk, establish an early warning system for MBVs, and develop a sound joint system for medical care and public health for managing MBVs in Egypt.

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“…For example, the mortality rate in lamb and adult sheep was 90% and 20–60%, respectively, while the abortion in pregnant ewes can reach 100% [30]. The disease was less severe in cattle and camels with a 10–30% mortality rate and the abortion rate in pregnant cows was 30–40% [31].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Rvfmentioning

confidence: 99%

The One Health Approach is Necessary for the Control of Rift Valley Fever Infections in Egypt: A Comprehensive Review

Fawzy

Helmy

2019

Viruses

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Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an emerging transboundary, mosquito-borne, zoonotic viral disease caused high morbidity and mortality in both human and ruminant populations. It is considered an important threat to both agriculture and public health in African and the Middle Eastern countries including Egypt. Five major RVF epidemics have been reported in Egypt (1977, 1993, 1994, 1997, and 2003). The virus is transmitted in Egypt by different mosquito's genera such as Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, and Mansonia, leading to abortions in susceptible animal hosts especially sheep, goat, cattle, and buffaloes. Recurrent RVF outbreaks in Egypt have been attributed in part to the lack of routine surveillance for the virus. These periodic epizootics have resulted in severe economic losses. We posit that there is a critical need for new approaches to RVF control that will prevent or at least reduce future morbidity and economic stress. One Health is an integrated approach for the understanding and management of animal, human, and environmental determinants of complex problems such as RVF. Employing the One Health approach, one might engage local communities in surveillance and control of RVF efforts, rather than continuing their current status as passive victims of the periodic RVF incursions. This review focuses upon endemic and epidemic status of RVF in Egypt, the virus vectors and their ecology, transmission dynamics, risk factors, and the ecology of the RVF at the animal/human interface, prevention, and control measures, and the use of environmental and climate data in surveillance systems to predict disease outbreaks.

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Rift Valley Fever Surveillance in Mobile Sheep Flocks in the Nile Delta

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Serological tests for detecting Rift Valley fever viral antibodies in sheep from the Nile Delta

Serological tests for detecting Rift Valley fever viral antibodies in sheep from the Nile Delta

Epidemiology of Mosquito-Borne Viruses in Egypt: A Systematic Review

The One Health Approach is Necessary for the Control of Rift Valley Fever Infections in Egypt: A Comprehensive Review

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