Rift Valley Fever in Kenya: the presence of antibody to the virus in camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>)

Davies, F. G.; Koros, Joseph K.; Mbugua, H C

doi:10.1017/s0022172400061441

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Due to often rare clinical manifestations in camels and the assumption that camels are less susceptible, camels, imported from other endemic countries in particular can carry the virus [7, 36]. Egypt imports camels for human consumption from endemic countries like Sudan or the Horn of Africa [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever virus in livestock during inter-epidemic period in Egypt, 2014/15

et al. 2017

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BackgroundRift Valley fever virus (RVFV) caused several outbreaks throughout the African continent and the Arabian Peninsula posing significant threat to human and animal health. In Egypt the first and most important Rift Valley fever epidemic occurred during 1977/78 with a multitude of infected humans and huge economic losses in livestock. After this major outbreak, RVF epidemics re-occurred in irregular intervals between 1993 and 2003. Seroprevalence of anti-RVFV antibodies in livestock during inter-epidemic periods can be used for supporting the evaluation of the present risk exposure for animal and public health. A serosurvey was conducted during 2014/2015 in non-vaccinated livestock including camels, sheep, goats and buffalos in different areas of the Nile River Delta as well as the furthermost southeast of Egypt to investigate the presence of anti-RVFV antibodies for further evaluating of the risk exposure for animal and human health. All animals integrated in this study were born after the last Egyptian RVF epidemic in 2003 and sampled buffalos and small ruminants were not imported from other endemic countries.ResultsA total of 873 serum samples from apparently healthy animals from different host species (camels: n = 221; sheep: n = 438; goats: n = 26; buffalo: n = 188) were tested serologically using RVFV competition ELISA, virus neutralization test and/or an indirect immunofluorescence assay, depending on available serum volume. Sera were assessed positive when virus neutralization test alone or least two assays produced consistent positive results. The overall seroprevalence was 2.29% (95%CI: 1.51–3.07) ranging from 0% in goats, 0.46% in sheep (95%CI: 0.41–0.5), and 3.17% in camels (95%CI: 0.86–5.48) up to 5.85% in buffalos (95%CI: 2.75–8.95).ConclusionOur findings assume currently low level of circulating virus in the investigated areas and suggest minor indication for a new RVF epidemic. Further the results may indicate that during long inter-epidemic periods, maintenance of the virus occur in vectors and also most probably in buffaloes within cryptic cycle where sporadic, small and local epidemics may occur. Therefore, comprehensive and well-designed surveillance activities are urgently needed to detect first evidence for transition from endemic to epidemic cycle.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-0993-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever virus in livestock during inter-epidemic period in Egypt, 2014/15

et al. 2017

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“…Using serum neutralization test, seroprevalences were reported to be 3.9 % in Ethiopia, over 30 % in Egypt, 22-36.4 % in Kenya, 73.4 % in Somalia, 80 % in Niger and 3.3 % in Nigeria (Hoogstraal et al 1979;Paweska et al 2005;Mariner et al 1995;Olaleye et al 1996;Davies et al 1985). Using competitive and antigen IgG capture ELISA's, seroprevalences of 33 % and 20.9 % was recorded in Mauritania and Kenya from disease outbreak-derived samples (Ahmed et al 2011;Bird et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever virus infection in camels (dromedaries) in northern Tanzania

Swai

Sindato

2014

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an arthropod-borne viral zoonotic disease that affects a wide range of animals including sheep, goats, cattle, camels and humans. Camels have only recently been introduced into Tanzania and, as a result, there is no credible diseases status information concerning this population, estimated to be in the low hundreds. As part of a broader study on camel diseases in different localities of northern Tanzania, serum samples (n = 109) were collected from apparently healthy, non-vaccinated camels during the period June to August 2010 and tested for antibodies specific to RVF virus (RVFV) using the inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Overall, herd and individual camel IgG seroprevalence was 78.5 % (11/14) and 27.5 % (30/109), respectively. IgG was found to be most prevalent in camels from Kilindi and Hai districts (45 %, each) and in introduced camels from other areas (37.1 %). The relationship between age and seropositivity showed that the seroprevalence was the highest (84.6 %) in age group of ≥10 years and lowest (11.9 %) in age group of ≤5 years.The results of this study reveal that evidence of camels being exposed to RVFV and that the risk of seropositivity varied according to district, being higher in Kilindi and Hai compared with other districts sampled. The risk of seropositivity increased with increasing animal age and the introduction of camels into the herd. Based on these study findings, continuous disease surveillance of camels for RVFV is indicated.

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“…Similarly, abortion and low death rates have been recorded in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Egypt (7). Antibody to RVFV in camel sera has been reported from Kenya, the sub-Saharan region of Nigeria, Egypt and the Sudan (8). The disease has historically been regarded as virtually absent in free-ranging wildlife and the documented reports have contributed to this perception.…”

Section: Rift Valley Fevermentioning

confidence: 93%

Geographic range of vector-borne infections and their vectors: the role of African wildlife

Vuuren¹,

Penzhorn

2015

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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Rift Valley Fever in Kenya: the presence of antibody to the virus in camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Cited by 29 publications

References 6 publications

Seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever virus in livestock during inter-epidemic period in Egypt, 2014/15

Seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever virus in livestock during inter-epidemic period in Egypt, 2014/15

Seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever virus infection in camels (dromedaries) in northern Tanzania

Geographic range of vector-borne infections and their vectors: the role of African wildlife

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