Rifle bullets comparison by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and chemometric analysis

Interpol review of forensic firearm examination 2019–2022

“…A study utilized the use of wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) to analyze rifle bullets and identify the spectral similarities between samples [ 72 ]. Fifty-four lead core fragments from 5 different manufacturers were obtained in caliber 7.62 × 51 mm NATO.…”

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials

“…In a related topic, a paper by Saide et al reported a comparison of rifle bullets using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and chemometric analysis. 354 Fifty four lead core fragments from 7.62 mm rifle bullets from five different manufacturers were obtained. The bullet casing was removed, the brass alloy was removed and then the lead core fragment was removed from the bullets with the aid of a goldsmith’s saw.…”

Study on Rapid Archival Technology of Bullets Based on Graph Convolutional Neural Network

“…Researchers at home and abroad have made significant achievements in data analysis and comparison of rifling traces. Literature review [12] provided a new idea for evaluating the state of the tube hole and its degree of wear to predict the applicability reserve and the value of the spray gun; recent studies [13] used wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to match the characteristics of rifle bullets. The use of chemometric analysis and comparison of rifle bullets has certain practical significance; Literature review [14] prompted an algorithm to automatically search for the same trajectory, taking into account the structure of the trace and the number of overlapped trajectories, and simultaneously analyze the dependence of the trajectory offset.…”