Rifampicin resistant tuberculosis in presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Dubti Hospital, Afar, Ethiopia

Abstract

Introduction: Ethiopia stood third in drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in Africa, and more than 5,000 MDR-TB patients are reported each year. Greater than 90% of rifampicin (RIF) resistant strains are resistant to isoniazid (INH) and hence the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of RIF resistant MTB among presumptive TB cases at Dubti General Hospital, Afar, Ethiopia.
 Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, 384 presumptive TB cases were recruited and a structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data. Sputum samples were collected and examined using X-pertMTB/RIF assay. Bivariate, multivariate logistic regressions, and fishers' exact analysis were done to assess the associations between the prevalence of TB and MDR-TB with different socio-demographic and clinical variables.
 Results: In the present study, the overall prevalence of pulmonary TB was 24.5% (94/384), of this 4 (4.3%) isolates were resistant to RIF. History of anti-TB treatment (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3-4.4 and TB contact (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: 2.1-6.2 were significantly associated with gene X-pert MTB/RIF positive TB. Moreover, resistance to rifampicin was statistically associated with the history of TB contact with multi-drug resistant TB (P = 0.027) and khat chewer cases (P = 0.04).
 Conclusions: The overall prevalence of TB and its drug-resistant were relatively higher than that of in the general population in Ethiopia. History of anti-TB treatment and TB contact were significantly associated with X-pert MTB/RIF positive MDR-TB.

<p>Rifampicin-Resistant <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> Among Patients with Presumptive Tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</p>

“…38 However, our finding was lower compared to reports by Mesfin et al from Addis Ababa (39.4%), 39 Jaleta et al from Gondar (15.8%), 24 Hordofa from Southern Ethiopia (3.4% of RR-MTB from 16.5% total MTB cases, or 16.3%) 40 and Adejumo et al from Lagos, Nigeria (23.4%). 22 Meanwhile, it was higher than findings from previous studies conducted in Gambella (4.9%), 16 in Afar region Dubti (4.3%), 41 in Eastern Ethiopia (1.7%), 42 in East Gojjam (2.59%) 43 and in Nigeria (6.9%). 37 These differences from place to place could be due to differences in patient selection, TB case management, diagnosis and treatment compliance.…”

Trends of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistance in Adigrat General Hospital, Eastern zone, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia

“…This finding was comparable to studies conducted in Afar (20.9) [49], Debre Markos Referral Hospital (15.1%) [13] and Gambella (19.6%) [46]. However, it is much lower than studies conducted in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital and Debre Tabor Hospital (54.8) [20], Gonder (25.2 %) [14] & Zimbabwe (37.1%) [37].The discrepancies might be due to our inclusion of all presumptive TB cases, and a high number of participants.…”

“…GeneXpert™ MTB/RIF assay is a new automated real-time In the present study, the overall prevalence of all forms of presumptive Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 24.3%. Our finding was similar to studies conducted in the Debre Markos Hospital (23.2%) [13], Gondar Referral Hospital (24.6%) [14], Gambella (20.0%) [46], Afar (24.5%) [49], India (27.6%) [4], South Africa (26%) [15], Nigeria (22.9 %) [16] And the WHO report in Africa (25%) [2]. However, it was lower compared to reports in Jigjiga (65.5%) [17], Kenya (32.25%) [18], in eastern Uttar Pradesh (32.9%) [19] and Congo (79.1%) [47].…”

Trends of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in Adigrat General Hospital, Eastern Zone of Tigrai, North Ethiopia

“…In the present study, the percentage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis positivity signi cantly higher in presumptive TB patients (20.0 %) compared to presumptive drug resistance (4.3 %) with (P < 0.00). This nding was comparable to studies conducted in Afar (20.9) [49], Debre Markos Referral Hospital (15.1%) [13] and Gambella (19.6%) [46]. However, it is much lower than studies conducted in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital and Debre Tabor Hospital (54.8) [20], Gondar (25.2 %) [14] and Zimbabwe (37.1%) [37].The discrepancies might be due to our inclusion of all presumptive TB cases, and a high number of participants.…”

“…In the present study, the overall forms of presumptive Mycobacterium tuberculosis positivity rate were 24.3%. Our nding was similar to studies conducted in the Debre Markos Hospital (23.2%) [13], Gondar Referral Hospital (24.6%) [14], Gambella (20.0%) [46], Afar (24.5%) [49], India (27.6%) [4], South Africa (26%) [15], Nigeria (22.9 %) [16] And the WHO report in Africa (25%) [2]. However, it was lower compared to reports in Jigjiga (65.5%) [17], Kenya (32.25%) [18], in eastern Uttar Pradesh (32.9%) [19] and Congo (79.1%) [47].The main difference in these latter ndings may show our inclusion of all forms of presumptive tuberculosis while other studies included identi ed cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.…”