Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray diffraction, microstructural and mechanical studies of magnesium matrix composites processed by high energy ball milling

Ramkumar, T.; Selvakumar, M.; Vasanthsankar, R.; Sathishkumar, A.; Narayanasamy, P.; Girija, G.

doi:10.1016/j.jma.2018.08.002

Cited by 32 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In this method, a theoretical line profile is calculated from a structure model that is refined using a least-squares approach until it matches the discrete data from neutron or X-ray diffraction patterns [26]. The Rietveld analysis is widely used in powder phase quantitative analysis [27]. Another technique used for retained austenite detection is neutron diffraction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Temperature and Time of Isothermal Holding on Retained Austenite Stability in Medium-Mn Steels

2018

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Effects of isothermal holding time and temperature on the stability of retained austenite in medium manganese bainitic steels with and without Nb microaddition were investigated. The amount of retained austenite for various variants of thermomechanical processing was determined by X-ray diffraction. Relationships between processing conditions and microstructure were revealed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The isothermal holding temperatures changed from 500 to 300 °C and the time was from 60 to 1800 s. The optimal time and temperature of isothermal holding for all the investigated steels were 400 °C and 300 s, respectively. The relationships between the Mn content, amount of retained austenite, and carbon enrichment of the retained austenite (RA) were observed. The noticeable effect of Nb microaddition on the amount of retained austenite was not observed. In general, the carbon content in RA was slightly lower for the steels containing Nb. The optimum gamma phase amount was up to 18% for the 3% Mn steels, whereas it was c.a. 13% for the steels with 5% Mn. It was found that the morphology of blocky/interlath retained austenite depends substantially on the isothermal holding temperature.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Temperature and Time of Isothermal Holding on Retained Austenite Stability in Medium-Mn Steels

2018

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“…Numerous approaches can be divided into two distinct groups: whole-pattern methods and single-peak methods [ 2 ]. Whole-pattern methods are performed by fitting a total range of patterns with parameters from crystal structure data [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], such as the Rietveld refinement method [ 6 ]. However, due to its complexity and time cost, this method is not suitable for use in geology, identification, or fabrications requiring rapid or large-volume sample quantification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Deviation of Nanocrystals Using the RIR Method in X-ray Diffraction (XRD)

2022

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The reference intensity ratio (RIR) method, using X-ray diffraction (XRD), is considered one most of the rapid and convenient approaches for phase quantification in multi-phase mixture, in which nanocrystals are commonly contained in a mixture and cause a broadening of the diffraction peak, while another broadening factor, instrumental broadening, does not attract enough attention in related quantitative analysis. Despite the specimen consisting of 50 wt.% TiO2 nanomaterials (nano-TiO2) and 50 wt.% microscale ZnO powder, the nano-TiO2 quantitative result changes from 56.53% to 43.33% that occur as a variation of instrumental broadening are caused by divergence slit adjustment. This deviation could be accounted through a mathematical model that involves instrumental broadening. The research in this paper might provide a useful guide for developing an approach to measure accuracy quantification in unknown multi-phase mixtures

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“…The following are available online, Figure S1: FTIR spectrum of L1, Figure S2: 1 HNMR spectrum of L1 in acetone- d6 at 25 °C, Figure S3: Aromatic expanded of 1 HNMR of L1 in acetone- d6 at 25 °C, Figure S4: 13 CNMR spectrum of L1 in acetone- d6 at 25 °C, Figure S5: DEPT spectrum of L1 in acetone- d6 at 25 °C, Figure S6: HHCOSY spectrum of L1 in acetone- d6 at 25 °C, Figure S7: 1 HNMR spectrum of L1 in CD 2 Cl 2 at 25 °C, Figure S8: Aromatic expanded of 1 HNMR of L1 in CD 2 Cl 2 at 25 °C, Figure S9: 13 CNMR spectrum of L1 in CD 2 Cl 2 at 25 °C, Figure S10: DEPT spectrum of L1 in CD 2 Cl 2 at 25 °C, Figure S11: HHCOSY spectrum of L1 in CD 2 Cl 2 at 25 °C, Figure S12: 1 HNMR spectrum of L1 in methanol- d4 at 25 °C, Figure S13: Aromatic expanded of 1 HNMR of L1 in methanol- d4 at 25 °C, Figure S14: 13 CNMR spectrum of L1 in methanol- d4 at 25 °C, Figure S15: DEPT spectrum of L1 in methanol- d4 at 25 °C, Figure S16: HHCOSY spectrum of L1 in methanol- d4 at 25 °C, Figure S17: Aromatic expanded 1 HNMR spectrum of L1 in CD 2 Cl 2 at 4 °C, Figure S18: Experimental UV-vis spectra in different organic solvents, Figure S19: Scan rate analysis for L1 electrochemical processes, Figure S20: Scan Rate analysis for L2 electrochemical processes, Figure S21: Calculated UV-vis absorption spectra for L1 in different solvents, Figure S22: Isosurface plots of the HOMO for L1, Figure S23: Isosurface plots of the LUMO for L1, Figure S24: Isosurface plots of the HOMO-2 for L1, Figure S25: MTT Assay in HeLa cells, Table S1: Positional (x, y, z) and displacement parameters for L1, Table S2: UV-Vis absorption spectra of L1 in different organic solvents, Table S3: Electrochemical signals description for pyridine Schiff bases of this study, Table S4: Scan Rate study results for determining diffusional control of described electrochemical processes (L1), Table S5: Scan Rate study results for determining diffusional control of described electrochemical processes (L2), Table S6: Most important transition energies calculated for L1 in different organic solvents, Table S7: Minimal inhibition concentration (µg/mL) of L1 (24 h of incubation). References [ 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 ] are cited in the Supplementary Materials.…”

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confidence: 99%

Structural Characterization, DFT Calculation, NCI, Scan-Rate Analysis and Antifungal Activity against Botrytis cinerea of (E)-2-{[(2-Aminopyridin-2-yl)imino]-methyl}-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol (Pyridine Schiff Base)

et al. 2020

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Botrytis cinerea is a ubiquitous necrotrophic filamentous fungal phytopathogen that lacks host specificity and can affect more than 1000 different plant species. In this work, we explored L1 [(E)-2-{[(2-aminopyridin-2-yl)imino]-methyl}-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol], a pyridine Schiff base harboring an intramolecular bond (IHB), regarding their antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea. Moreover, we present a full characterization of the L1 by NMR and powder diffraction, as well as UV–vis, in the presence of previously untested different organic solvents. Complementary time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations were performed, and the noncovalent interaction (NCI) index was determined. Moreover, we obtained a scan-rate study on cyclic voltammetry of L1. Finally, we tested the antifungal activity of L1 against two strains of Botrytis cinerea (B05.10, a standard laboratory strain; and A1, a wild type strains isolated from Chilean blueberries). We found that L1 acts as an efficient antifungal agent against Botrytis cinerea at 26 °C, even better than the commercial antifungal agent fenhexamid. Although the antifungal activity was also observed at 4 °C, the effect was less pronounced. These results show the high versatility of this kind of pyridine Schiff bases in biological applications.

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Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray diffraction, microstructural and mechanical studies of magnesium matrix composites processed by high energy ball milling

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of Temperature and Time of Isothermal Holding on Retained Austenite Stability in Medium-Mn Steels

Effects of Temperature and Time of Isothermal Holding on Retained Austenite Stability in Medium-Mn Steels

Quantitative Deviation of Nanocrystals Using the RIR Method in X-ray Diffraction (XRD)

Structural Characterization, DFT Calculation, NCI, Scan-Rate Analysis and Antifungal Activity against Botrytis cinerea of (E)-2-{[(2-Aminopyridin-2-yl)imino]-methyl}-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol (Pyridine Schiff Base)

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