Rietveld analysys and electrical properties of lanthanum doped BiFeO3 ceramics

Synthesis, microstructure and properties of BiFeO₃-based multiferroic materials: A review

“…Some authors suggest that La 3+ doping can decrease the electrical conductivity [107,138]. An enhancement in the electric polarization of Bi 1-x La x FeO 3 materials has as well been reported [107,108], although no saturated cycles (that can confirm this effect) are provided.…”

“…Some authors suggest that La 3+ doping can decrease the electrical conductivity [107,138]. An enhancement in the electric polarization of Bi 1-x La x FeO 3 materials has as well been reported [107,108], although no saturated cycles (that can confirm this effect) are provided. In clear disagreement with these publications, some other authors however assert that although the dielectric losses decrease upon doping with rare-earth elements in A sites, the substitution of a certain amount of Bi 3+ ions finally tend to weaken the stereochemical activity of the s 2 lone pair of Bi 3+ (whose hybridation gives rise to ferroelectricity) thereby resulting in a paraelectric behavior [58,59].…”

“…These problems are usually avoided by using a Bi-excess in the nominal composition [68] as well as by covering the sample with powders of the same composition and running the thermal treatment in a closed crucible [107,108].…”

Low‐temperature preparation of bismuth ferrite microcrystals by a sol‐gel‐hydrothermal method

“…Several alternative chemical synthesis routes have been proposed to synthesize single phase BiFeO 3 , including co-precipitation method [6], the soft chemical route [7], microemulsion technique [8], sol-gel process [9], polymeric precursor method [10], the ferrioxalate precursor method [11] and so on. For example, Subrata Dasgupta et al described a simple low-temperature synthesis route of preparing bismuth ferrite nanopowders through soft chemical route using nitrates of Bismuth and Iron [7].…”

“…Nandini Das et al synthesized phase pure nanosized BiFeO 3 powders by microemulsion techniques in the temperature range of 400-500 °C [8]. Simões et al obtained La-modified Bi 1−x La x FeO 3 (with x ranging from 0 to 0.30) using a polymeric precursor solution [10]. Giridharan et al synthesized pure BiFeO 3 (BFO) and La-modified BiFeO 3 ceramic powders at a lower temperature of 550 °C by ferrioxalate precursor method [11].…”