Let X be a ball quasi-Banach function space on R n and H X (R n ) the Hardy space associated with X, and let α ∈ (0, n) and β ∈ (1, ∞). In this article, assuming that the (powered) Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator satisfies the Fefferman-Stein vector-valued maximal inequality on X and is bounded on the associate space of X, the authors prove that the fractional integral I α can be extended to a bounded linear operator fromand only if there exists a positive constant C such that, for any ballX , where X β denotes the β-convexification of X. Moreover, under some different reasonable assumptions on both X and another ball quasi-Banach function space Y, the authors also consider the mapping property of I α from H X (R n ) to H Y (R n ) via using the extrapolation theorem. All these results have a wide range of applications. Particularly, when these are applied, respectively, to Morrey spaces, mixed-norm Lebesgue spaces, local generalized Herz spaces, and mixed-norm Herz spaces, all these results are new. The proofs of these theorems strongly depend on atomic and molecular characterizations of H X (R n ).