Riesgo, Innovación y Desarrollo en un Clima Cambiante: El Papel de las Políticas de Preparacíon para Sequías y Gestión de Riesgo de Desastres en Ceará, Brasil

Abstract

RESUMENLas sequías se encuentran entre los tipos más comúnes de desastres, generando enormes impactos socioeconómicos, especialmente cuando se considera el carácter silencioso que tienen. Son cada vez más frecuentes, intensos y de mayor duración, el cúal nos da una idea de lo que puede suceder con la acentuación del cambio climático. Este artículo tiene por objetivo proporcionar una visión general de las medidas y políticas que abordan la prevención y la preparación para sequías, frente a los impactos del cambio climático, en el Estado de Ceará, Brasil, con el fin de permitir la comprensión de las políticas y programas, experiencias y perspectivas del proceso de la elaboración del Plan de Gestión Integral de Riesgo de Desastres del Estado de Ceará, Brasil; así como en el desarrollo del Sistema de Alerta Temprana (SAT), frente a la coordinación política, lo que dio lugar a la creación de la Comisión de las Sequías. Como resultado, entendemos esta estrategia, de preparación para sequías, como una herramienta capaz de aumentar la capacidad de adaptación y resistencia de los procesos políticos. En este sentido, se presentan las experiencias acumuladas por el Estado de Ceará, en los procesos de gestión de sequías que muestran un potencial prometedor para la replicabilidad en otros países de América Latina, también son objeto de amenazas el cambio climático que puede imponer, en combinación con el análisis de los riesgos asociados -políticos/institucionales/culturales -, en el desarrollo de políticas públicas para, así presentar conclusiones, lecciones aprendidas y recomendaciones. Palabras RISK, INNOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN A CHANGING CLIMATE: THE ROLE OF DROUGHT PREPAREDNESS POLICIES AND DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN CEARA, BRAZIL ABSTRACTDroughts are among the most common type of disasters, generating enormous socioeconomic impacts in the world, especially when considering the silent character they have. These phenomena are becoming more frequent, intense and longer lasting, which gives us an idea of what may happen with the accentuation of climate change. This article seeks to provide and overview of the measures and policies addressing drought prevention and preparedness, facing the impacts of climate change, in the State of Ceará, Brazil. This study addresses issues of public policies concerning drought risk management in order to allow a greater understanding of policies and programs, experiences and perspectives by the analysis of the process of elaboration of the Integrated Disaster Risk Management Plan of the State of Ceara, Brazil (PIGRD-CE), as well as of the development of the Early Warning System -Drought Monitor -, while addressing the political coordination, which led to the creation of the Drought Commission (Comitê das Secas). As a result, we understand this strategy, concerning drought preparedness, as a tool able to increase the adaptability and resilience of the political process. In this regard, we present the experiences accumulated by the State of Ceara in drought management processes showing a...

Climate resilience building in Semi-Arid Lands (SALs): institutional weaknesses and strengths in subnational governments in Brazil

“…Experts mentioned the existence of plans among the following companies: Tanking Park/LIQUIGÁS/PAM, INFRAERO/EXEAC, as well as the Fortaleza's COMDEC (at a public level), regarding floods response (plans and simulation initiatives); and, lately at the municipality of Piquet Carneiro (2016), in a pilot project with the World Bank in association with the SDA-CE for Community-Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) (WB, 2019). In overall, Ceará's State DRR preparedness and prevention actions, in the nexus of climate change, are seeking to increase agricultural and socio-economic resilience through (i) climate surveillance and weather monitoring; (ii) a better understanding of vulnerability/resilience ratio; and, (iii) improved coordination and systematic response planning, represented by the development of an Integrated Disaster Risk Management Plan (PIGRD-CE), and Early Warning Systems (Drought Monitor), and by establishing enhanced political coordination and articulation among governments agencies and partners, embodied in a state-level "Drought Committee" (IICA, 2015;SDA, 2015;Ferreira Costa et al, 2016;WB, 2019).…”

“…Monitoring institutional and organizational weaknesses and strengths is useful for assessing the effectiveness of political decision and policy implementation (EU, 2020). Nonetheless, institutional and organizational weaknesses and bottlenecks remain a crucial challenge in terms of the necessary adequacy of climate risk management in the face of current and future challenges posed by climate change, which accelerates the need for transformational change (Ferreira Costa et al, 2016).…”

Efectividad del Programa de Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres en el Perú.

“…22), como parte de las funciones de la planificación y la correcta gestión ambiental de los ecosistemas urbanos (Ferreira et al, 2016), como el enfoque inclusivo de una cultura de prevención y seguridad; esto significa, reducir los riesgos existentes, evitando la creación de nuevos riesgos y hacer inversiones informadas (Mead, 2022).…”

Increased vulnerability of family farming in the context of a weakened FNS agenda due to austerity measures in Brazil

“…There are several associated risks and causes of vulnerability related to agricultural sectors that need to be considered (Ferreira Costa et al, 2016;Hansen et al, 2019;GESER, 2019), such as fiscal and policy developments (EMBRAPA, 2018). According to "The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World" report 29 Law No.…”