Riesgo de presentación de eventos cardiovasculares según la agrupación de los factores de riesgo modificables en la población mayor de 15 años de un centro de salud de Barcelona

Abstract

Fundamento: En la últimas décadas la mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares ha mostrado una tendencia decreciente en los países desarrollados, confirmada asimismo en España. No obstante siguen siendo la principal causa de mortalidad El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la asociación entre las enfermedades cardiovasculares y diversos factores de riesgo cardiovascular modificables en relación a su agrupación (clustering). Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en un centro de salud urbano, que incluyó a 2.248 personas de 15 o más años, seleccionadas por muestreo aleatorio simple del archivo de historias clínicas. Se calculó en forma de odds ratio (OR) el riesgo de tener alguna enfermedad cardiovascular (cardiopatía isquémica, enfermedad cerebrovascular o arteriopatia periférica de extremidades inferiores) en relación al clustering de los factores de riesgo tabaquismo, hipertensión arterial, hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia y diabetes mellitus, ajustado por edad, sexo y factores de riesgo. Resultados: Las personas estudiadas tenían 224 enfermedades cardiovasculares. En el tabaquismo la OR como factor de riesgo aislado fue de 1,5 (IC95%: 1,0-2,2) y de 1,6 (IC95%: 0,9-2,5) con el clustering con los otros 4 factores de riesgo; con la hipertensión arterial de

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Spain: A Systematic Review

“…In the case of hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, and DM2, as the age of the participant increased, the prevalence also did so, except in the age group over 74, where it decreased. In the case of high blood pressure, the prevalence increased with age in all age groups [34].…”

“…A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in an urban health centre located in a suburb of the city of Barcelona. A total of 2248 participants over 15 years of age were obtained, of whom 53.5% were females and 46.5% were males [34].…”

“…Regarding women, the most prevalent CVRF was high blood pressure, with a prevalence of 34.5%, followed by smoking (25.7%), hypercholesterolaemia (23.9%), DM2 (14%), and hypertriglyceridaemia (8.9%). In men, the most prevalent CVRF was smoking, with a prevalence of 45.3%, followed by high blood pressure (32%), hypercholesterolaemia (19.4%), DM2 (17.5%), and hypertriglyceridaemia (17.3%) [34].…”

“…DM was considered if there was a prior diagnosis, random blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dL with typical clinical signs, two fasting blood glucose measurements above 126 mg/dL, or with an oral glucose overload with measurement at two hours and value above 200 mg/dL. Finally, obesity was determined based on the BMI classification [34].…”

“…The CDC study in the Canary Islands included a population aged between 18 and 75 years [24][25][26][27]. The age range used in the CORSAIB [40], REGICOR [34], TALAVERA [31], and DARIOS [17][18][19][20] studies was 35 to 74 years, widening from 74 to 84 in the RIVANA [44][45][46] study, from 35 to 25 in the HERMEX [35][36][37][38][39] study, and from 35 to 30 in PREDIMERC [41,42]. High blood pressure was the only CVRF present in 100% of the studies, and in the case of DM2, only the TALAVERA [31] study did not analyse its prevalence.…”