Riehl's melanosis caused by occupational exposure to personal protective equipment

Kim, Dong Hyo; Lee, Dong Hun

doi:10.1111/cod.13954

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Pathological studies point to the role of subclinical damage or inflammation in the development of pigmentation. During the COVID‐19 outbreak, mask‐covered skin becomes vulnerable to contact dermatitis, due to multiple potential allergens on the masks (Kim & Lee, 2021), which may give rise to elevated incidence of Riehl's melanosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Young to middle‐aged women are more worried than males, mainly around the reproductive period (Costescu et al, 2017), although Riehl's melanosis is uncommon in youngsters. The bulk of cases have been documented in Japan (Daadaa & Tanfous, 2022), but there have also been cases reported from South Africa (Choi et al, 2022; Kim & Lee, 2021;Woo, Jung, et al, 2020; Woo, Park, et al, 2020), Europe, South America, and India.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unveiling the mystery of Riehl's melanosis: An update from pathogenesis, diagnosis to treatment

Ding

Xiang

et al. 2023

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res

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Riehl's melanosis is a hyperpigmentation disorder that has a significant psychological and social impact on individuals. In the past 10 years, new categories have been developed, raising questions about how to classify Riehl's melanosis. The mechanism of this disease remains unclear, although the type IV hypersensitivity response caused by allergic sensitization, as well as genetic, ultraviolet radiation, and autoimmune factors, is to blame. Clinical manifestation, dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, patch/photopatch testing, histopathology, and a novel multimodality skin imaging system have been used for the diagnosis. A variety of therapies including topical skin‐lightening agents, oral tranexamic acid, glycyrrhizin compound, chemical peels, and lasers and light therapies (intense pulsed light, 1064‐nm Q‐Switched Nd: YAG laser, 755‐nm PicoWay laser, nonablative 1927‐nm fractional thulium fiber laser, new pulsed‐type microneedling radiofrequency), with improved effectiveness. The latest findings on possible biomarkers and their relationship to other autoimmune diseases were also summarized.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the mystery of Riehl's melanosis: An update from pathogenesis, diagnosis to treatment

Ding

Xiang

et al. 2023

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Research Advances in the Treatment of Riehl’s Melanosis

Xu¹,

Huang²,

Wu³

et al. 2023

CCID

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Riehl’s melanosis (RM) is a contact photodermatitis, with fast progressive gray-brown skin pigmentation as the main manifestation, which can seriously affect the psychology and physiology of patients. Currently, although the etiological factors of Riehl’s melanosis is still be unknown, the existing literature proves clearly the cause of it is related to the contacting with suspected allergens. For decades, there has been no standard method for the treatment of RM, but with both conventional drug therapy and laser therapy having been attempted. Topical application of bleaching agents is mainly used as an auxiliary treatment modality. The laser treatment modality remains a hot spot, among which Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is well received for RM. Positive outcomes have been achieved by the combined treatment modalities attempted in recent years also achieve positive outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to review and summarize recent advances in the treatment of the disease.

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Pigmented contact dermatitis: An updated review

Bhat,

Islam,

Sultan

2024

IJSA

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Pigmented contact dermatitis (PCD) is a disorder brought on by repeated exposure to low-intensity allergens, usually presenting as blotchy or reticulate slate-gray pigmentation affecting Fitzpatrick skin type IV-VI. The pathogenesis remains unclear; however, type IV hypersensitivity reactions due to allergic sensitization, genetics, ultraviolet exposure, and autoimmunity are to blame. Clinical examination, dermoscopy, patch/photo patch testing, histopathology, and recently, a novel reflectance confocal microscopy and multimodality skin imaging system aid in the diagnosis. Several contact allergens have been linked to PCD, but from an Indian perspective, Kumkum and Paraphenylenediamine are the incriminating agents. Patch testing plays an immense role whenever PCD is diagnosed, primarily due to contact allergens. Devastating psychological impacts can result from PCD-related deformity on social acceptance, mental health, and self-esteem. Avoiding allergens, wearing broad-spectrum sunscreen, and engaging in sun-protective behavior are general measures for treating the condition.

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Riehl's melanosis caused by occupational exposure to personal protective equipment

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Unveiling the mystery of Riehl's melanosis: An update from pathogenesis, diagnosis to treatment

Unveiling the mystery of Riehl's melanosis: An update from pathogenesis, diagnosis to treatment

Research Advances in the Treatment of Riehl’s Melanosis

Pigmented contact dermatitis: An updated review

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