Rickettsioses in Australia: Isolation of Rickettsia Tsutsugamushi and R. Australis from naturally infected arthropods

Campbell, R. Wayne; Domrow, R.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(74)90156-4

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Unfortunately, most of the avirulent strains from the original study have been lost. In addition, 21 isolates from animal tissues and 4 from Leptotrombidium deliense pools were studied (Campbell and Domrow, 1974).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SEROLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF RICKETTSIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI ISOLATES FROM NORTH QUEENSLAND*

Shirai

Campbell

Gan

et al. 1982

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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Summary. Fifty-two Rickettsia tsutsuganwshi isolates from humans, rodents and chiggers in North Queensland were serologically characterized by the direct immunofluorescence test. A majority (71%) of the isolates was a mixture of two or more strains. The most frequently detected strains in the 52 isolates were TA716 (94%), TA763 (42%), TA686 (33%), and Karp (31%). The Gilliam strain was detected in only 4% of the isolates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SEROLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF RICKETTSIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI ISOLATES FROM NORTH QUEENSLAND*

Shirai

Campbell

Gan

et al. 1982

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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“…australis has been identified in Ixodes holocyclus, a common, human-biting tick in Queensland (60). This tick also feeds on a broad range of vertebrate hosts.…”

Section: Pathogens Described Prior To 1984mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…R. australis has also been isolated from Ixodes tasmani, a species that exists along the coast as well as in the interior regions of south and western Australia (287). This tick rarely bites humans but may play a role in the enzootic maintenance of R. australis in small animals (60,127). An uncharacterized SFG rickettsia was recently identified in the hemolymph of an Ixodes cornuatus tick removed from a human in Victoria (129).…”

Section: Pathogens Described Prior To 1984mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: Emerging Diseases Challenging Old Concepts

2005

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SUMMARY During most of the 20th century, the epidemiology of tick-borne rickettsioses could be summarized as the occurrence of a single pathogenic rickettsia on each continent. An element of this paradigm suggested that the many other characterized and noncharacterized rickettsiae isolated from ticks were not pathogenic to humans. In this context, it was considered that relatively few tick-borne rickettsiae caused human disease. This concept was modified extensively from 1984 through 2005 by the identification of at least 11 additional rickettsial species or subspecies that cause tick-borne rickettsioses around the world. Of these agents, seven were initially isolated from ticks, often years or decades before a definitive association with human disease was established. We present here the tick-borne rickettsioses described through 2005 and focus on the epidemiological circumstances that have played a role in the emergence of the newly recognized diseases.

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“…In Australia, distribution of published scrub typhus cases and seropositivity appears to be restricted to areas receiving more than 1500 mm of precipitation annually (Campbell and Domrow, 1974;Currie et al, 1996;Frances, 2011). Concordantly, a Thai study found that trombiculid mite larvae were more abundant on hosts in the wetter months than the drier months (Frances et al, 1999).…”

Section: Cases In Us Soldiersmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The combined distributions of R. honei "marmionii" tick vectors/reservoirs Haemaphysalis novaeguinae and Ixodes tasmani account for Australian Spotted Fever's broad latitudinal range. Unlike R. felis and R. typhi, which are largely associated with fleas of domestic and peridomestic animals, the principal hosts for these tick species are native mammals (Campbell and Domrow, 1974;Sexton et al, 1991) and reptiles (Stenos et al, 2003). The ecology of these tick-borne rickettsioses is therefore expected to depend on human interaction with wild ecosystems.…”

Section: Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses In Oceaniamentioning

confidence: 97%

Distribution of rickettsioses in Oceania: Past patterns and implications for the future

et al. 2015

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Rickettsioses present a threat to human health worldwide, but relatively little is known on their epidemiology and ecology in Oceania. These bacteria are the cause of potentially fatal febrile illnesses in humans (categorized into scrub typhus, typhus group and spotted fever group rickettsioses). They are transmitted by arthropod vectors such as ticks, mites, fleas and lice, which are associated with vertebrate host animals including rodents and companion animals. We conducted a search in the scientific and grey literature of Rickettsia spp. and Orientia tsutsugamushi within the Oceania region. Human case reports, human serosurveys and PCR-based testing of vectors and host animals reviewed here highlight the widespread distribution of these pathogens in the region, with the majority of human serological and vector surveys reporting positive results. These findings suggest that rickettsioses may have a significantly higher burden of disease in Oceania than is currently appreciated due to diagnostic challenges. Furthermore, consideration of the ecology and risk factors for rickettsioses reported for Oceania suggests that their importance as a cause of undifferentiated acute febrile illness may grow in the future: environmental and social changes driven by predicted climate change and population growth have the potential to lead to the emergence of rickettsioses as a significant public health problem in Oceania.

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Rickettsioses in Australia: Isolation of Rickettsia Tsutsugamushi and R. Australis from naturally infected arthropods

Cited by 48 publications

References 16 publications

SEROLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF RICKETTSIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI ISOLATES FROM NORTH QUEENSLAND*

SEROLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF RICKETTSIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI ISOLATES FROM NORTH QUEENSLAND*

Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: Emerging Diseases Challenging Old Concepts

Distribution of rickettsioses in Oceania: Past patterns and implications for the future

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