Rickettsial Infections in Southeast Asia: Implications for Local Populace and Febrile Returned Travelers

Aung, Ar Kar; Spelman, Dennis; Murray, Ronan J.; Graves, Stephen

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.14-0191

Cited by 102 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…In cattle and goats, although seroconversion was observed upon inoculation; clinical signs, however, were not observed [24]. In contrast, infections with Rickettsia are considered the second highest cause of non-malarial febrile illness in humans worldwide, and are associated with high morbidity and rising mortality rates [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Rickettsia spp. and Coxiella burnetii in Cattle, Water Buffalo, and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Ticks in Luzon Island of the Philippines

et al. 2020

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Rickettsia and Coxiella burnetii are zoonotic, tick-borne pathogens that can cause febrile illnesses with or without other symptoms in humans, but may cause subclinical infections in animals. There are only a few reports on the occurrence of these pathogens in cattle and water buffalo in Southeast Asia, including the Philippines. In this study, molecular detection of Rickettsia and C. burnetii in the blood and in the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks of cattle and water buffalo from five provinces in Luzon Island of the Philippines was done. A total of 620 blood samples of cattle and water buffalo and 206 tick samples were collected and subjected to DNA extraction. After successful amplification of control genes, nested PCR was performed to detect gltA of Rickettsia and com1 of C. burnetii. No samples were positive for Rickettsia, while 10 (cattle = 7, water buffaloes = 3), or 1.6% of blood, and five, or 1.8% of tick samples, were C. burnetii-positive. Sequence analysis of the positive amplicons showed 99-100% similarity to reported C. burnetii isolates. This molecular evidence on the occurrence of C. burnetii in Philippine ruminants and cattle ticks and its zoonotic nature should prompt further investigation and surveillance to facilitate its effective control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Rickettsia spp. and Coxiella burnetii in Cattle, Water Buffalo, and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Ticks in Luzon Island of the Philippines

et al. 2020

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“…In the absence of diagnostic facilities for these common differentials, epidemiological data can be a clue. Warm and humid climate with exposure to vegetation, toxic look, Escher, normal leukocyte counts and thrombocytopenia is a great diagnostic clue for rickettsia [9,10]. Besides therapeutic response to doxycycline against Rickettsia by 48 hours could be a diagnostic clue in absence confirmatory test.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Outcome of Inpatient Acute Febrile Illness in A Referral Tropical Health Center in Nepal

Kattel¹,

Agrawal²,

Pandey³

et al. 2019

J Trop Dis

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Introduction: Acute Febrile Illness (AFI) is a common clinical syndrome presenting at tropical health centers. The challenges in resource-limited set up are an undifferentiated clinical manifestation with wide differentials and inadequate laboratory diagnostic support. With this background, we conducted a study to look at the outcome of AFI spectrum presented at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), a referral medical school hospital in eastern Nepal. Objective: To determine the etiological diagnosis and hospital-based outcome of AFI. Methods:It was a prospective observational study of the AFI inpatient cases in the . Considering a 15% prevalence of acute febrile in patients with a 95% confidence interval and 95% power of study a sample size of 196 was calculated. Assuming 25% as a sampling error 245 patients were enrolled. The patient was diagnosed and treated as per the hospital protocol developed by Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit. Case record form was used to record and tabulated in an excel sheet. Descriptive and analytic statistics were used. Results: The incidence of AFI was 12% (557) among the 4669 inpatient cases. Among 245 enrolled cases, 61%presented as localized fever. The most common clinical diagnosis was pneumonia (29%), urinary tract infection (18%), meningitis (11%) and tropical disease (14%) that includes malaria, dengue, rickettsia, and leptospirosis. The etiological diagnosis was established among 26% (64). Among AFI cases sepsis, acute renal injury and septic shock was present in 18%, 11%, and 6% respectively. The putative diagnosis could not be made in 18% (44) of the cases and they were treated empirically with dual antibiotics (injectable 3 rd generation cephalosporin with macrolides or fluoroquinolones or aminoglycosides). Favorable outcomes in term of clinical cure were seen in 76% (186) of the cases. Conclusion: Establishment of etiological diagnosis is logistically not feasible in developing the world. Contextual guidelines for undifferentiated fever may be a possible option for improving the outcome of undifferentiated fever in Nepal.

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“…vectors, it is expected that the incidence of imported rickettsial diseases will increase in the coming years [6]. Recently, southeast Asia ranked as the 2nd most common destination visited by ill returned travelers [14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe interstitial pneumonia due to murine typhus in a patient returning from Bali

Malheiro

Ceia

Alves

et al. 2017

IDCases

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Rickettsial Infections in Southeast Asia: Implications for Local Populace and Febrile Returned Travelers

Cited by 102 publications

References 87 publications

Molecular Detection of Rickettsia spp. and Coxiella burnetii in Cattle, Water Buffalo, and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Ticks in Luzon Island of the Philippines

Molecular Detection of Rickettsia spp. and Coxiella burnetii in Cattle, Water Buffalo, and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Ticks in Luzon Island of the Philippines

The Outcome of Inpatient Acute Febrile Illness in A Referral Tropical Health Center in Nepal

Severe interstitial pneumonia due to murine typhus in a patient returning from Bali

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