Ricin and RCA—The Enemies Within Castor (Ricinus communis L.): A Perspective on Their Biogenesis, Mechanism of Action, Detection Methods and Detoxification Strategies

Ashfaq, Mohd Ashraf; Pp, Reddy; Kumar, Ch. Ravi; Selvaraj, Velu Mani; Kumar, Vikash

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97280-0_12

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Because of the -OH group and the extra double bonds, HFAs are high-value oleochemicals with broad industrial applications, such as surfactants, lubricants, cosmetics, and antibacterial agents, and are the precursors for the synthesis of biodegradable bioplastics, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and additives for enhancing lubricity of biodiesel (Carlsson et al, 2011;Beaudoin et al, 2014;Aznar-Moreno and Durrett, 2017). However, much of the HFAs used in industry are sourced from oil from the seed of the castor bean plant (Ricinus communis), which contains highly toxic compounds (ricin and agglutinin) and strong allergens (2S albumin and 11S globulin) (Lago, 2009;Ashraf Ashfaq et al, 2018). Because of this, the production of castor oil is banned in the United States, and the U.S. imports many thousands of tons of castor oil from developing countries such as India (over 60,789 tons of castor oil in 2017, worth $96 million U.S. dollars (FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic analysis of seed development in Paysonia auriculata (Brassicaceae) identifies genes involved in hydroxy fatty acid biosynthesis

Swift

Mauro-Herrera

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Paysonia auriculata (Brassicaceae) produces multiple hydroxy fatty acids as major components of the seed oil. We tracked the changes in seed oil composition and gene expression during development, starting 14 days after flowers had been pollinated. Seed oil changes showed initially higher levels of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) but little accumulation of hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs). Starting 21 days after pollination (DAP) HFA content sharply increased, and reached almost 30% at 28 DAP. Total seed oil also increased from a low of approximately 2% at 14 DAP to a high of approximately 20% by 42 DAP. We identified almost all of the fatty acid synthesis and modification genes that are known from Arabidopsis, and, in addition, a strong candidate for the hydroxylase gene that mediates the hydroxylation of fatty acids to produce valuable hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) in this species. The gene expression network revealed is very similar to that of the emerging oil crop, Physaria fendleri, in the sister genus to Paysonia. Phylogenetic analyses indicate the hydroxylase enzyme, FAH12, evolved only once in Paysonia and Physaria, and that the enzyme is closely related to FAD2 enzymes. Phylogenetic analyses of FAD2 and FAH12 in the Brassicaceae and outgroup genera suggest that the branch leading to the hydroxylase clade of Paysonia and Physaria is under relaxed selection, compared with the strong purifying selection found across the FAD2 lineages.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic analysis of seed development in Paysonia auriculata (Brassicaceae) identifies genes involved in hydroxy fatty acid biosynthesis

Swift

Mauro-Herrera

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…This protein is the most studied of the ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs), and it is composed of two polypeptide chains linked by a disulfide bridge [5]. Previous studies have suggested that the detoxification of this protein can be done with ammonia, caustic soda, lime, and heat [6][7][8][9][10]. Recently, some in vitro evaluations have confirmed the detoxification of the solid residue when combined with polyphenolic compounds [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Potential Inhibition Process of Ricin Protein with the flavonoids Quercetin and Epigallocatechin Gallate. A Quantum-Chemical and Molecular Docking Study

et al. 2020

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Castor bean (Ricinus Communis) oil has been reported as one of the most important bio-based fuels; however, high amounts of toxic solid residue are generated in the production. This toxicity is due to several molecules, ricin protein being the most studied compound. The inhibition of the ricin protein is essential for eliminating its toxicity. The objective of this study is to predict the possible inhibition process via the interactions between the ricin protein and the flavonoids quercetin (Q) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The molecular structures of the complexes formed between the ricin protein and flavonoids were studied using quantum-chemical and molecular docking calculations to analyze the type of interaction, active site of the protein, binding energies, and different conformations in the inhibition process. Different methodologies were applied for the molecular structure determination; the best approximation was obtained with B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) theoretical methodology. Mappings of electrostatic potential (MEP) and frontier molecular orbitals were used for the identification of the probable sites of interaction, which were confirmed by molecular docking. The adjustment and alignment of flavonoid groups before and after the interaction, and charge transfer parameters, showed that Q and EGCG act as electron donors inside of the active site in ricin.

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Biotechnological Approaches for Genetic Improvement of Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.)

Kumaraswamy

Kumar

Lavanya

et al. 2022

Accelerated Plant Breeding, Volume 4

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Ricin and RCA—The Enemies Within Castor (Ricinus communis L.): A Perspective on Their Biogenesis, Mechanism of Action, Detection Methods and Detoxification Strategies

Cited by 8 publications

References 114 publications

Transcriptomic analysis of seed development in Paysonia auriculata (Brassicaceae) identifies genes involved in hydroxy fatty acid biosynthesis

Transcriptomic analysis of seed development in Paysonia auriculata (Brassicaceae) identifies genes involved in hydroxy fatty acid biosynthesis

A Potential Inhibition Process of Ricin Protein with the flavonoids Quercetin and Epigallocatechin Gallate. A Quantum-Chemical and Molecular Docking Study

Biotechnological Approaches for Genetic Improvement of Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.)

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