Richness and diversity of insect pollinators in various habitats around Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Koneri R, Nangoy MJ, Wakhid. 2021. Richness and diversity of insect pollinators in various habitats around Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 288-297. The pollination of plants by insects is one of the most important and essential ecosystem services in natural and agricultural landscapes and Insect pollinators play an important role in this process. This is because they help to transfer pollen from the anther to the stigma, which leads to fertilization. This study aims to analyze the richness and diversity of insect pollinators in various habitats around the Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, Toraut, North Sulawesi. It was carried out from June to August 2020 on three types of habitats around the National Park, namely forest edges, shrubs and agricultural land. For each habitat, four plots with a size of 50 m x 25 m were made with a distance of 100 m between them. The insect pollinator observation technique used was the scan sampling method. Furthermore, data analysis was carried out on abundance, richness index, diversity index, species evenness index, dominance index and the relationship between sampling locations and environmental factors. The results showed that there were 979 insect pollinators caught at the observation point, which consisted of 60 species from 16 families and 4 orders and the most common order was Hymenoptera with 31 species. The species which were found based on their relative abundance indicated that Nomia strigata was the most abundant followed by Nomia melanderi, Apis dorsata, Ropalidia fasciata and Amegilla zonata. Furthermore, the highest abundance of insect pollinators was found in shrub habitats, while the highest species richness and diversity were found at the forest edge. Therefore, it was concluded that different types of habitat affect the richness and diversity of insect pollinator species around the Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park. In addition, this proves that the forest area of Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park generally supports the abundance, richness, and diversity of insect pollinators, which were discovered in the surrounding habitats, namely shrubs and agricultural land.

Diversity and foraging activity of coffee insect pollinators in land near and far from the forest of North Sumatra, Indonesia

“…Coffee flowers near the forest were more frequently visited by Apis cerana, while coffee flowers far from the forest were more commonly visited by Stomorhina discolor. This occurred because the forest edge offers nesting sites for insect pollinators, particularly bees (Koneri et al 2021). Saturni et al (2016) also asserted that natural habitats such as forests provide food and nesting resources for insect pollinators.…”

Chlorine Concentration and Phytoplankton Diversity in the Streams around Tondano Watershed, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

“…The abundance of phytoplankton was analyzed using the formula: E= c × A/fa × V; where: E = phytoplankton density (ind/ltr), c = total observed individuals, A = phytoplankton concentrate volume, fa = phytoplankton sample volume, and V = sample volume (Clesceri et al, 1989). The species diversity index (Shannon-Wiener diversity (H'), the species evenness index (Pielou evenness (J) and the correlation between species abundance, number of species, diversity index, and species evenness index with chlorine content were analyzed using Paleontological Statistics software (PAST software v. 2.12) (Koneri et al, 2021).…”

Effect of farmer's behavior in cocoa management on insect diversity in Salayo Cocoa Plantation, West Sumatra, Indonesia

“…In Bungo Tanjung Sepakat and Saiyo, the two pollinators collected were Drosophilidae (Diptera) and Formicidae (Hymenoptera), while the pollinator collected in Manunggang Sakato was Formicidae (Table 4). Several studies have reported that Hymenoptera is an order of insect pollinators mostly found and dominant in all habitat types (Siregar et al 2016;Bashir et al 2019;Koneri et al 2021). The presence of pollinating insects is strongly influenced by the availability of flowering plants in their habitat.…”

“…The presence of pollinating insects is strongly influenced by the availability of flowering plants in their habitat. The reduction in flowering plants led to a decrease in pollinating insect species (Koneri et al 2021). According to Bailey et al (2014), insect pollinators are thermophilous, they prefer warm open areas to forage and also travel further out into the field to forage in open areas as well.…”