Rich Dad and Poor Dad: Biomass Circularity Science Empathizing Rubber Smallholders

Abstract

Analysis of rubber and rubberwood biomass management revealed an actualized twin-loop circularity arising from the multibillion-dollar export revenue downstream and upstream segments. Despite resembling zero-waste and resource-efficient system, the revenue from natural rubber exports does not translate as the wealth of rubber smallholders, pressing them as the persistent ‘poor dad’ in the rubber value chain. This study dwells on how to empower the smallholders through high-quality rubber production efficiency to compensate for the nose-diving rubber price. Analysis of the challenges facing the seemingly forced labor recognized operational costs as the main hindrance to productivity. Mapping the challenges to solutions identified the need for immediate actions and the transformative actionable educational approach for deploying an efficient upstream segment. Access to productive clones, government stringent taxation policy on imported rubber feedstock, and a shift to machine-tapper and portable rubber processors are the immediately actionable solutions. Availing expandable rubber-related education programs for youths in smallholder families is critical to actualize technology-driven, and high-productivity farming for the segment to build back better. Continuous learning is mandatory to innovate, engage in the value chain, and multiply the current twin-loop circularity for the succession of dignified smallholders in sustaining the rubber industry.

Nano cells from fruit bunch residue: Nestling nanotechnology within the circular oil palm milling residue management

“…The bundle-income model allows Thailand to reap revenue while preparing the feedstock for a renewable energy material and simultaneously minimising waste alongside bioethanol generation. The model also envisions the oil palm industry as the quadruple-edge revenue analogous to the biomass circularity model of the rubber and rubberwood industry [ 57 ]. Actualisation of the model would enhance the GDP contribution from the palm oil milling sector through SME embossment that activates the cash flow from the primary harvest and its derivatives, as well as from the productive residue management and the pertaining derivatives.…”

“…Tagging the waste-derived commodity to the commercialised and experimented products [ 10 , [16] , [17] , [18] , 46 , [54] , [55] , [56] ] into the pre-described basic circularity model [ 57 ] allowed the extension of the waste transformation routes. Ample considerations on industrial symbiosis and the criteria for organic and inorganic carbon sequestration described in the literature [ 58 , 59 ] set the predictor for carbon fixation at the midpoint.…”