Rice transgene flow: its patterns, model and risk management

Jia, Sun; Yuan, Qianhua; Pei, Xinwu; Wang, Zhen; Hu, Ning; Yao, Ke-min; Wang, Zhixing

doi:10.1111/pbi.12306

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…() reported that the maximum frequency of gene flow between rice cultivars and O. rufipogon was up to 3%, and the maximum distance over which gene flow was observed was 43.2 m in natural habitats at Hunan Province, China. A large‐scale (1.3–2.4 ha) rice gene‐flow study reported that the highest frequency of transgene flow from transgenic rice plants to O. rufipogon was up to 11.24% in Sanya (Hainan, China, at 1 m) and 18.00% in Guangzhou (Guangdong, China, at 0 m), and the maximum distance of transgene flow was 50 m (0.076%) and 250 m (0.008) at Guangzhou and Sanya, respectively, with the detection limit of 0.01% (Jia et al ., ). Some short‐term studies showed that once exogenous genes escape from transgenic rice to wild relatives, they can be stably inherited and expressed, suggesting the exogenous genes might persist in wild rice populations (Song et al ., ; Su et al ., ).…”

Section: Issues Facing Adoption Of Bt Rice In Chinamentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Some short‐term studies showed that once exogenous genes escape from transgenic rice to wild relatives, they can be stably inherited and expressed, suggesting the exogenous genes might persist in wild rice populations (Song et al ., ; Su et al ., ). However, a recent 12‐year systemic study suggested that F 1 hybrids of transgenic rice/ O. rufipogon gradually disappeared within 3–5 years and that the transgene was not detectable in the mixed population, suggesting the O. rufipogon may possess a strong mechanism of reproductive isolation for self‐protection (Jia et al ., ). Therefore, Jia et al .…”

Section: Issues Facing Adoption Of Bt Rice In Chinamentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Therefore, Jia et al . () inferred that introgression and persistence of transgenes in common wild rice population are unlikely, at least under the conditions of southern China where O. rufipogon is widely distributed.…”

Section: Issues Facing Adoption Of Bt Rice In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The development and status of Bt rice in China

Hallerman

Liu

et al. 2015

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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SummaryMultiple lines of transgenic rice expressing insecticidal genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been developed in China, posing the prospect of increases in production with decreased application of pesticides. We explore the issues facing adoption of Bt rice for commercial production in China. A body of safety assessment work on Bt rice has shown that Bt rice poses a negligible risk to the environment and that Bt rice products are as safe as non-Bt control rice products as food. China has a relatively well-developed regulatory system for risk assessment and management of genetically modified (GM) plants; however, decision-making regarding approval of commercial production has become politicized, and two Bt rice lines that otherwise were ready have not been allowed to enter the Chinese agricultural system. We predict that Chinese farmers would value the prospect of increased yield with decreased use of pesticide and would readily adopt production of Bt rice. That Bt rice lines may not be commercialized in the near future we attribute to social pressures, largely due to the low level of understanding and acceptance of GM crops by Chinese consumers. Hence, enhancing communication of GM crop science-related issues to the public is an important, unmet need. While the dynamics of each issue are particular to China, they typify those in many countries where adoption of GM crops has been not been rapid; hence, the assessment of these dynamics might inform resolution of these issues in other countries.

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Section: Issues Facing Adoption Of Bt Rice In Chinamentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Issues Facing Adoption Of Bt Rice In Chinamentioning

confidence: 97%

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The development and status of Bt rice in China

Hallerman

Liu

et al. 2015

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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“…; Jia et al. ). Gene flow results collected from these experimental studies are the first step for assessing the impact of crop‐to‐weed and crop‐to‐wild transgene flow in rice.…”

Section: Gene Flow: From Cultivated To Weedy Ricementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Using a similar transgene marker, Jia et al. () investigated the frequency of gene flow from the crop into two weedy rice populations: one in Leizhou of Guangdong province, the other in Yangzhong of Jiangsu province. The estimated gene flow ranged from 0.002% to 0.342%.…”

Section: Gene Flow: From Cultivated To Weedy Ricementioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness correlates of crop transgene flow into weedy populations: a case study of weedy rice in China and other examples

Yang

Ellstrand

2016

Evolutionary Applications

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Whether transgene flow from crops to cross‐compatible weedy relatives will result in negative environmental consequences has been the topic of discussion for decades. An important component of environmental risk assessment depends on whether an introgressed transgene is associated with a fitness change in weedy populations. Several crop‐weed pairs have received experimental attention. Perhaps, the most worrisome example is transgene flow from genetically engineered cultivated rice, a staple for billions globally, to its conspecific weed, weedy rice. China's cultivated/weedy rice system is one of the best experimentally studied systems under field conditions for assessing how the presence of transgenes alters the weed's fitness and the likely impacts of that fitness change. Here, we present the cultivated/weedy rice system as a case study on the consequences of introgressed transgenes in unmanaged populations. The experimental work on this system reveals considerable variation in fitness outcomes ‐ increased, decreased, and none ‐ based on the transgenic trait, its introgressed genomic background, and the environment. A review of similar research from a sample of other crop‐wild pairs suggests such variation is the rule. We conclude such variation in fitness correlates supports the case‐by‐case method of biosafety regulation is sound.

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Assessment of outcrossing potential between cultivated and weedy rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation management

Rohila,

Gealy,

Jackson

et al. 2024

Agronomy Journal

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In recent years, water conservation efforts in rice production have necessitated the use of reduced irrigation input systems such as alternate wetting and drying (AWD) as a substitute to conventional continuous flood‐irrigated systems (FLD), but little is known about the role of AWD in altering outcrossing potentials between cultivated rice and weedy rice (WR). In the United States, rice growers often control WR by cultivating varieties that possess herbicide resistance. However, an ongoing concern with such technology is hybridization or outcrossing between herbicide‐resistant rice cultivars and WR over time. Such outcrossing may result in transferring of herbicide resistance with increased occurrence of herbicide‐resistant WR ecotypes and reduction in the efficacy of herbicide management. This study compared and quantified outcrossing rates between two Clearfield rice varieties (CL142AR and CL261) that are herbicide resistant and two common WR genotypes, strawhull (SH) and blackhull (BH), under FLD and AWD management. Outcrossing was evident in all four genotype combinations (i.e., CL142AR or CL261 cultivated rice and SH or BH weedy rice) in both FLD and AWD; however, outcrossing rates with CL261 averaged about 6.5 times lower than those with CL142AR. Additional analysis revealed that higher outcrossing rates were associated with increased synchrony of flowering times and closer vertical proximity of panicles of WR to CL142AR than with CL261. AWD irrigation reduced outcrossing in SH weedy rice, suggesting that reduced outcrossing of SH weedy rice might be an additional benefit from AWD irrigation management.

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Rice transgene flow: its patterns, model and risk management

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

The development and status of Bt rice in China

The development and status of Bt rice in China

Fitness correlates of crop transgene flow into weedy populations: a case study of weedy rice in China and other examples

Assessment of outcrossing potential between cultivated and weedy rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation management

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