Rice stripe virus affects the viability of its vector offspring by changing developmental gene expression in embryos

Abstract

Plant viruses may affect the viability and development process of their herbivore vectors. Small brown planthopper (SBPH) is main vector of Rice stripe virus (RSV), which causes serious rice stripe disease. Here, we reported the effects of RSV on SBPH offspring by crossing experiments between viruliferous and non-viruliferous strains. The life parameters of offspring from different cross combinations were compared. The hatchability of F1 progeny from viruliferous parents decreased significantly, and viruliferous rate was completely controlled by viruliferous maternal parent. To better elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms, the morphology of eggs, viral propagation and distribution in the eggs and expression profile of embryonic development genes were investigated. The results indicated that RSV replicated and accumulated in SBPH eggs resulting in developmental stunt or delay of partial eggs; in addition, RSV was only able to infect ovum but not sperm. According to the expression profile, expression of 13 developmental genes was regulated in the eggs from viruliferous parents, in which two important regulatory genes (Ls-Dorsal and Ls-CPO) were most significantly down-regulated. In general, RSV exerts an adverse effect on SBPH, which is unfavourable for the expansion of viruliferous populations. The viewpoint is also supported by systematic monitoring of SBPH viruliferous rate.

RNA interference‐mediated knockdown and virus‐induced suppression of Troponin C gene adversely affect the behavior or fitness of the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps

“…Furthermore, we demonstrated that RDV infection dramatically reduced the survival rates, the secreted honey, the weight, and the fecundity of N. cincticeps (Figure a‐d), consistent with previous study for S. furcifera , Recilia dorsalis , or L. striatellus infected with respective virus (Chen et al., ; Lan et al., ; Li et al., ; Nakasuji & Kiritani, ; Tu, Ling, Xu, Zhang, & Zhou, ; Wan et al., ). However, the molecular mechanism for the adverse effects on performance or fitness of N. cincticeps caused by RDV infection is still largely unknown.…”

Rice Reoviruses in Insect Vectors

“…Growing evidence has shown that the persistent propagation of plant viruses adversely affects insect vectors, including prolonging the nymphal stages, shortening adult longevity, reducing survival rate, or decreasing fecundity (22,59,63,77,102,103,123). These adverse changes could be attributed to direct effects of virus-insect interactions or indirect effects of the components from diseased plants.…”

Olfactory co‐receptor Orco stimulated by Rice stripe virus is essential for host seeking behavior in small brown planthopper

“…The small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus Fallén, SBPH) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is an economically important pest, which causes severe damages to rice production in East Asian due to transmission of Rice stripe virus (RSV) and Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV). 1,2 The two viruses are transmitted by SBPH in a persistent, circulative-propagative manner. 3 Somewhat differently, RSV can be transmitted from female adults to their progeny via eggs, while RBSDV has no transovarial transmission.…”