Rice Straw and Eggshell Ash as Partial Replacements of Cement in Concrete

Abstract

This paper presents the properties of concrete made with cement partially replaced with rice straw ash and eggshell ash. The rice straws and eggshells were incinerated, sieved, and ground, and the physical and chemical properties of the resultant ash and the other materials incorporated in the concrete mixes were determined. A class 35 concrete mix with no partial replacement of cement with rice straw ash designed with the British Research Establishment method with a water/cement ratio of 0.5 was considered as the control mix. The cement in concrete was partially replaced with rice straw ash by 5% to 30% and its compressive and splitting tensile strength was determined after 7, 14, 28, 56, and 90 days of curing. Durability, resistance to acid attack, and other wet and hardened properties of concrete with cement partially replaced with rice straw ash were also determined. An increase in compressive strength above the control mix was observed for concrete with 5% and 10% partial replacement of cement with rice straw ash. When eggshell ash was added to concrete mixes made with cement partially replaced with rice straw ash at 15% and 20%, the 28, 56, and 90-day compressive strength was found to increase. It can be concluded that rice straw and eggshell ash can be used to partially replace cement in concrete and result in a concrete whose properties compare favorably with control

Utilization of Agricultural By-Products as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Construction: A Review

“…Workability of the concrete incorporated with agricultural ash (Rice Straw Ash & Rice Husk Ash) is investigated by different researcher's by using standard test like slump cone jring flow test, inverted slump cone flow test, inverted slump jring flow test (IS5512-1983). The literature suggests that there the trend followed for workability, when cement is replace with rice straw ash and rice husk ash shows variation [29], [32], [36], [38].…”

“…8. Variation of Compressive Strength (Mpa) (Partial replacement of cement with Rice Husk Ash) [32] Researches [34], [36], [38] conducted experimental work to find out the compressive strength of concrete with partial replacement of cement with Rice Straw Ash (RSA). The various replacement levels used for replacement were between 5% -35%.…”

“…[32] The tensile strength of concrete incorporated with agricultural ash (Rice Straw Ash &Rice Husk Ash) shows a similar trend of increasing at optimum levels and then decreasing for higher values of replacement, as that of compressive strength. The optimum value of the replacement of cement with Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Rice Straw Ash (RSA) lies between 10%-15% [28], [36] as depicted in the graphs. The tensile strength at early ages is less as compared to the tensile strength at later ages.…”

Eggshells from Different Countries of Origin and Their Sustainable Application as a Partial Replacement of Cement

“…Most of the studies recommend 5% replacement because limestone has complete reactivity up to 5% replacement level [2]. Likewise, eggshells have also been effectively blended in cement along with silica fume (SF) [19][20][21], fly ash (FA) [22][23][24], rice husk ash (RHA) [25], rice straw ash (RSA) [26], glass powder [27], palm oil fuel ash (POFA) [28][29][30][31], and bagasse ash [32]. In addition, eggshells have been used in special concrete as well, both in uncalcined and calcined forms like Foamed concrete [33,34], self-compacting concrete [35][36][37][38][39], and geopolymer concrete [40].…”

Mechanical and Structural Correlation of Lateritic Soil Road Base Stabilized with Cement and Selected Biochars

“…Cement and lime stabilization are the most commonly used techniques for stabilization of expansive soils. Nowadays, the concentration is on the use of industrial and agricultural waste materials along with cement or lime to achieve improved strength and waste management [5][6][7][8][9].…”