Rice SDSFL1 plays a critical role in the regulation of plant structure through the control of different phytohormones and altered cell structure

Lodging is the primary factor limiting high yield under a high plant density. However, an optimal plant height and leaf shape can effectively decrease the lodging risk. Here we studied an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced dwarf and a narrow-leaf mutant, dnl2. Gene mapping indicated that the mutant was controlled by a gene located on chromosome nine. Phenotypic and cytological observations revealed that dnl2 showed inhibited cell growth, altered vascular bundle patterning, and disrupted secondary cell wall structure when compared with the wild-type, which could be the direct cause of the dwarf and narrow-leaf phenotype. The phytohormone levels, especially auxin and gibberellin, were significantly decreased in dnl2 compared to the wild-type plants. Transcriptome profiling of the internodes of the dnl2 mutant and wild-type revealed a large number of differentially expressed genes enriched in the cell wall biosynthesis, remodeling, and hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways. Therefore, we suggest that crosstalk between hormones (the altered vascular bundle and secondary cell wall structure) may contribute to the dwarf and narrow-leaf phenotype by influencing cell growth. These results provide a foundation for DNL2 gene cloning and further elucidation of the molecular mechanism of the regulation of plant height and leaf shape in maize.

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“…The concentrations of GA3, ABA, and IAA in the samples were then determined by comparing the O.D. of the samples to the standard curve [ 74 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Characterization and Transcriptome Analysis of New Dwarf and Narrow-Leaf (dnl2) Mutant in Maize

Han

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…All measurements were performed using the kits produced Shanghai Enzyme-linked Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) and performed four biological replicates. The concentrations of MDA, ABA, IAA, GA3, SA, SOD, POD, APX, and CAT in the leaf samples were then determined based on the Optical Density of the samples and the standard curve [68,69].…”

Section: Measurement Of Physiological Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic and alternative splicing analyses provide insights into the roles of exogenous salicylic acid ameliorating waxy maize seedling growth under heat stress

Guo

Wang

et al. 2022

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Salicylic acid (SA) is a phytohormone which works to regulate the abiotic stress response of plants. However, the molecular mechanism by which SA mediates heat tolerance in waxy maize (Zea mays L. sinsensis Kulesh) remains unknown. Results Two varieties of waxy maize seedlings, heat-tolerant ‘Yunuo7’ (Y7) and heat-sensitive ‘Suyunuo5’ (S5), were pretreated with SA prior to heat stress (HTS). After treatment, physiological and transcriptomic changes were analyzed. Compared with HTS, the exogenous application of SA enhanced the shoot dry weight, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (e.g., SOD, POD, CAT and APX), and the concentration of endogenous phytohormones (e.g., SA, ABA, IAA, GA3), while decreased the MDA content. Transcriptome analysis showed that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in the control (CK) vs HTS and HTS vs HTS + SA comparisons were more in S5 than in Y7. HTS induced the downregulation of genes involved in photosynthesis and the upregulation of genes encoding heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs). Compared with HTS, SA pretreatment reversed the expression of 5 photosynthesis-related genes, 26 phytohormone-related genes, and all genes encoding HSFs and HSPs in S5. Furthermore, the number of alternative splicing (AS) events increased under HTS treatment for both varieties, while decreased under SA pretreatment of S5. Differentially spliced genes (DSGs) showed little overlap with DEGs, and DEGs and DSGs differed significantly in functional enrichment. Conclusions Physiological and transcriptional together indicated that HTS and SA pretreatment had a greater effect on S5 than Y7. Additionally, it appears that transcriptional regulation and AS work synergistically to enhance thermotolerance in heat-sensitive waxy maize. Our study revealed the regulatory effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of SA on waxy maize seedling under HTS.

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“…Extreme temperature, malnutrition, and drought stress have been identified as potential factors promoting panicle degeneration (Heng et al ., 2018; Itoh et al ., 2005; Smith and Stitt, 2007; Yao et al ., 2000). Phytohormones regulate the structure of panicle and other plant parts in response to different biotic and abiotic stresses (Alamin et al ., 2018; Gutierrez et al ., 2009). Axillary meristems, lateral buds, and reproductive organs are primarily affected by auxin, cytokinin, and various environmental cues (McSteen, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A SUBTILISIN-LIKE SERINE PROTEASE1 (OsSUBSrP1), plays an important role in the wax and cutin pathway, is essential for panicle development in rice

Ali

Zhang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Panicle degeneration is a severe physiological defect and causes reduction in grain yield. In this study, we characterized and presented the functional analysis of our previously reported mutant apa1331 (apical panicle abortion1331) that showed apical spikelet degeneration. The anthers from the apical spikelets of apa1331 were degenerated, pollen-less and showed lack of cuticle formation. Transverse sections showed normal meiosis till stage 5-6, however, defects in post-meiotic microspore development were found at stage 8-9 in apa1331. Measurement of wax and cutin analysis showed a significant reduction in anthers of apa1331 compared to Wildtype (WT). Quantification of H2O2 and MDA has indicated the excessive ROS (reactive oxygen species) in apa1331. Trypan blue staining, and TUNEL assay revealed cell death and excessive DNA fragmentation in apa1331. Map-based cloning and Mutmap analysis identified a candidate gene (LOC_Os04g40720) that is a SUBTILISIN-LIKE SERINE PROTEASE (OsSUBSrP1) which harbored an SNP (A>G) in apa1331. CRISPR-mediated knock-out lines of OsSUBSrP1 displayed spikelet degeneration comparable to apa1331. Global gene expression analysis revealed a significant downregulation of wax and cutin biosynthesis genes e.g., OsWDA1, OsMS2 and OsCER4 in apa1331. Our study reports the novel role of SUBSrP1 in ROS-mediated cell death in panicle development.

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Rice SDSFL1 plays a critical role in the regulation of plant structure through the control of different phytohormones and altered cell structure

Cited by 6 publications

References 78 publications

Morphological Characterization and Transcriptome Analysis of New Dwarf and Narrow-Leaf (dnl2) Mutant in Maize

Morphological Characterization and Transcriptome Analysis of New Dwarf and Narrow-Leaf (dnl2) Mutant in Maize

Transcriptomic and alternative splicing analyses provide insights into the roles of exogenous salicylic acid ameliorating waxy maize seedling growth under heat stress

A SUBTILISIN-LIKE SERINE PROTEASE1 (OsSUBSrP1), plays an important role in the wax and cutin pathway, is essential for panicle development in rice

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