Rice plants have three homologs of glutathione synthetase genes, one of which, <i>OsGS2</i>, codes for hydroxymethyl‐glutathione synthetase

Yamazaki, Shinichi; Ochiai, Kumiko; Matoh, Tōru

doi:10.1002/pld3.119

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Glutathione (GSH) plays a role in detoxification, antioxidant reactions, and redox homeostasis [ 65 , 66 ]. Although rice prefers ammonium as a N source, significant accumulation of GS2 in the roots and ammonium assimilation may cause subcellular condensation of ammonium, which can lead to ammonium toxicity and, ultimately, cell death, and suppressed growth and development [ 67 , 68 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ascorbate (ASA) and GSH have been reported to be antioxidants that scavenge reactive oxygen species. However, the chemical reaction of GSH with H 2 O 2 is slow, and three peroxidases, namely, APXs, peroxiredoxins (PRXs), and GSTs, are known to link peroxide reduction to GSH oxidation [ 66 , 70 , 71 , 72 ]. Only one glutathione peroxidase ( OsGPX1 , LOC_Os04g46960) was moderately upregulated among the DEGs in the 1/4N treatment transcriptome [ 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GS catalyzes NH 4 + and glutamate (Glu) to form glutamine (Gln), which is the key reaction for inorganic N assimilation; however, the reproduction of Glu molecules for the sustainable GS reactions is supported by the GS/glutamine:2-oxoglutarate amidotransferase (GS/GOGAT) pathway—where one molecule of Gln and one molecule of 2-oxoglutaric acid (2-OG) are catalyzed to produce two molecules of Glu [ 12 , 13 , 17 , 93 , 94 , 95 ]. In this study, the chloroplast-expressed GS2 was found to be highly concentrated in the roots, thus increasing GS activity ectopically [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 66 , 96 ]. However, the key NADH-GOGAT1 protein in roots was not found to increase according to the considerable increments in GS2 enzymatic activity [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Integrative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis Reveals an Alternative Molecular Network of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Corresponding to Nitrogen Deficiency in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Liang

Yuan

et al. 2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. The root system architecture is a highly regulated morphological system, which is sensitive to the availability of nutrients, such as N. Phenotypic characterization of roots from LY9348 (a rice variety with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)) treated with 0.725 mM NH4NO3 (1/4N) was remarkable, especially primary root (PR) elongation, which was the highest. A comprehensive analysis was performed for transcriptome and proteome profiling of LY9348 roots between 1/4N and 2.9 mM NH4NO3 (1N) treatments. The results indicated 3908 differential expression genes (DEGs; 2569 upregulated and 1339 downregulated) and 411 differential abundance proteins (DAPs; 192 upregulated and 219 downregulated). Among all DAPs in the proteome, glutamine synthetase (GS2), a chloroplastic ammonium assimilation protein, was the most upregulated protein identified. The unexpected concentration of GS2 from the shoot to the root in the 1/4N treatment indicated that the presence of an alternative pathway of N assimilation regulated by GS2 in LY9348 corresponded to the low N signal, which was supported by GS enzyme activity and glutamine/glutamate (Gln/Glu) contents analysis. In addition, N transporters (NRT2.1, NRT2.2, NRT2.3, NRT2.4, NAR2.1, AMT1.3, AMT1.2, and putative AMT3.3) and N assimilators (NR2, GS1;1, GS1;2, GS1;3, NADH-GOGAT2, and AS2) were significantly induced during the long-term N-deficiency response at the transcription level (14 days). Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis demonstrated that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism were significantly modulated by N deficiency. Notably, many transcription factors and plant hormones were found to participate in root morphological adaptation. In conclusion, our study provides valuable information to further understand the response of rice roots to N-deficiency stress.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Integrative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis Reveals an Alternative Molecular Network of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Corresponding to Nitrogen Deficiency in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Liang

Yuan

et al. 2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The anti-oxidant enzyme-encoding genes (Zainy et al 2023 ), Fe-SOD , CuZn - SOD , CAT and GPX were significantly up-regulated in TvHSP70-OE engineered strains. In addition, several genes involved in glutathione (Yamazaki et al 2019 ), carotenoid (Yu and Tian. 2021 ), ascorbate (Munir et al 2020 ), unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis (Xue et al 2020 ) and phenylalanine metabolism (Xu and Zhang.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced resistance to heat and fungal infection in transgenic Trichoderma via over-expressing the HSP70 gene

Huang,

Liu,

Huo

et al. 2024

AMB Expr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Heat stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the growth, sporulation, colonization and survival of Trichoderma viride. This study aimed to gain a better insight into the underlying mechanism governing the heat stress response of T. viride Tv-1511. We analysed the transcriptomic changes of Tv-1511 under normal and heat stress conditions using RNA sequencing. We observed that Tv-1511 regulates the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites through a complex network of signalling pathways. Additionally, it significantly activates the anti-oxidant defence system, heat shock proteins and stress-response-related transcription factors in response to heat stress. TvHSP70 was identified as a key gene, and transgenic Tv-1511 overexpressing TvHSP70 (TvHSP70-OE) was generated. We conducted an integrated morphological, physiological and molecular analyses of the TvHSP70-OE and wild-type strains. We observed that TvHSP70 over-expression significantly triggered the growth, anti-oxidant capacity, anti-fungal activity and growth-promoting ability of Tv-1511. Regarding anti-oxidant capacity, TvHSP70 primarily up-regulated genes involved in enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidant systems. In terms of anti-fungal activity, TvHSP70 primarily activated genes involved in the synthesis of enediyne, anti-fungal and aminoglycoside antibiotics. This study provides a comparative analysis of the functional significance and molecular mechanisms of HSP70 in Trichoderma. These findings provide a valuable foundation for further analyses.

show abstract

“…This downregulation under LN was accompanied by extensive changes in cellular transport and was necessary for plant cells to maintain homeostatic growth (Cai et al, 2012). Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in detoxification, antioxidant response, and redox homeostasis (Yamazaki et al, 2019). Under nitrogen deficiency, GST23 (GST23), glutathione S-transferase (GSTU7, GSTU9, and GSTU17), and L-ascorbate peroxidase 3 (APX3) were detected as significantly upregulated transcripts (Figure 8, Supplementary Table 6, q value < 0.01).…”

Section: Correlation Analysis Between Low Nitrogen Stress and The Exp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low nitrogen stress-induced transcriptome changes revealed the molecular response and tolerance characteristics in maintaining the C/N balance of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plants, acting as a common limiting factor for crop yield. The application of nitrogen fertilizer is related to the sustainable development of both crops and the environment. To further explore the molecular response of sugar beet under low nitrogen (LN) supply, transcriptome analysis was performed on the LN-tolerant germplasm ‘780016B/12 superior’. In total, 580 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in leaves, and 1,075 DEGs were identified in roots (log2|FC| ≥ 1; q value < 0.05). Gene Ontology (GO), protein−protein interaction (PPI), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses clarified the role and relationship of DEGs under LN stress. Most of the downregulated DEGs were closely related to “photosynthesis” and the metabolism of “photosynthesis-antenna proteins”, “carbon”, “nitrogen”, and “glutathione”, while the upregulated DEGs were involved in flavonoid and phenylalanine biosynthesis. For example, GLUDB (glutamate dehydrogenase B) was identified as a key downregulated gene, linking carbon, nitrogen, and glutamate metabolism. Thus, low nitrogen-tolerant sugar beet reduced energy expenditure mainly by reducing the synthesis of energy-consuming amino acids, which in turn improved tolerance to low nitrogen stress. The glutathione metabolism biosynthesis pathway was promoted to quench reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protect cells from oxidative damage. The expression levels of nitrogen assimilation and amino acid transport genes, such as NRT2.5 (high-affinity nitrate transporter), NR (nitrate reductase [NADH]), NIR (ferredoxin-nitrite reductase), GS (glutamine synthetase leaf isozyme), GLUDB, GST (glutathione transferase) and GGT3 (glutathione hydrolase 3) at low nitrogen levels play a decisive role in nitrogen utilization and may affect the conversion of the carbon skeleton. DFRA (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase) in roots was negatively correlated with NIR in leaves (coefficient = −0.98, p < 0.05), suggesting that there may be corresponding remote regulation between “flavonoid biosynthesis” and “nitrogen metabolism” in roots and leaves. FBP (fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase) and PGK (phosphoglycerate kinase) were significantly positively correlated (p < 0.001) with Ci (intercellular CO2 concentration). The reliability and reproducibility of the RNA-seq data were further confirmed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT−PCR) validation of 22 genes (R2 = 0.98). This study reveals possible pivotal genes and metabolic pathways for sugar beet adaptation to nitrogen-deficient environments.

show abstract

Rice plants have three homologs of glutathione synthetase genes, one of which, OsGS2, codes for hydroxymethyl‐glutathione synthetase

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Integrative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis Reveals an Alternative Molecular Network of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Corresponding to Nitrogen Deficiency in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Integrative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis Reveals an Alternative Molecular Network of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Corresponding to Nitrogen Deficiency in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Enhanced resistance to heat and fungal infection in transgenic Trichoderma via over-expressing the HSP70 gene

Low nitrogen stress-induced transcriptome changes revealed the molecular response and tolerance characteristics in maintaining the C/N balance of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About