Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Breeding among Hassawi Landrace and Egyptian Genotypes for Stem Borer (Chilo agamemnon Bles.) Resistance and Related Quantitative Traits

Abstract

Rice stem borer (Chilo agamemnon Bles.) is a primary insect pest of rice and is a major limiting factor to rice production. Breeding for insect-resistant crop varieties has been an economic way of integrated pest management (IPM) as it offers a viable and ecologically acceptable approach. This study was aimed to evaluate rice genotypes for their resistance against rice stem borer. Seven parental genotypes with twenty one F 1 crosses were evaluated for genotypic variation in field experiments. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for the studied traits in almost all crosses and parents. In addition, the mean squares of parents versus their crosses were significant for stem borer resistance and other associated traits. Moreover, both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances were highly significant for all characters studied in the F 1 generation. Based on GCA, 4 genotypes (Sakha101, Gz6903-3-4-2-1, Gz9577-4-1-1 and Hassawi) exhibited highly significant negative values for stem borer resistance (-0.53, -1.06, -0.18 and -0.49, respectively) indicating they are the best combiners for stem borer resistance. Based on SCA analysis, nine cross combinations showed highly significant negative effects for stem borer resistance. Similarly, the cross Giza178ÂHassawi was the best combination with significantly highest value for early maturity. In addition, seven crosses showed highly significant negative SCA for plant height trait. On the other hand, for panicle length, number of primary branches/panicle, panicle weight and 1000-grain weight, seven, four, eight and six crosses showed highly significant positive SCA, respectively. The result further revealed that the non-additive dominance genetic variance was higher than the additive variance for all evaluated traits indicating that non-additive genetic variances have a role in their inheritance. The broad-sense heritability estimates were high for all the studied traits. The stem borer resistance was significantly correlated with panicle weight and 1000-grain weight, which also showed a highly significant correlation with grain yield/plant. Thus these traits can be effectively employed in a breeding program to confer resistance against stem borer infestation in rice. It was further supported by biplot analysis, which clustered these potentially important traits into two quadrants showing their importance in any future breeding program to control stem borer infestation. This study has contributed valuable information for evaluation of genetic diversity in the local rice germplasm and its utilization in futuristic rice genetic improvement programs.

Conventional Breeding and Molecular Markers for Blast Disease Resistance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

“…In addition, the mean squares due to lines vs. testers were significant for all traits, which indicated that female and male parents differed significantly for these traits. These results are similar to those obtained by [34,35].…”

Genetic Parameters and Principal Component Analysis for Quantitative Traits in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

“…The estimates of GCA effects among the genotypes for short-stature traits showed that the three rice parental genotypes, i.e., Sakha 108, Sakha102, and Giza 179, were indicative as the best general combiners for short stature and grain yield plant -1 except Sakha102, which has the negative GCA effects in grain yield plant -1 ( Srujana et al, 2017;Sandeep et al, 2018;Fahmi et al, 2018;Al-Daej et al, 2022). As for SCA four crosses, namely, Sakha105 × Giza179, Sakha105 × Sakha108, Sakha106 × Giza179, and Sakha108 × Sakha109, these showed significant positive SCA effects for all the traits.…”

Genetic variability and diversity analysis in Oryza sativa L. genotypes using quantitative traits and SSR markers

“…This will need to study the genetic diversity and genetic background for each variety, which will be useful to improve the agronomic traits ( Sabri et al, 2020 , Zhong et al, 2021 ). Studies on genetic diversity are crucial for breeding and improvement projects because they guarantee the appropriate use of germplasm resources and a productive breeding system for the promotion of closely related crop species ( Al-Daej et al, 2022 ). Until recently, morphological characterization had proven effective in identifying genetic material.…”