Rice (Oryza sativa) contains a novel isoform of glutamate decarboxylase that lacks an authentic calmodulin-binding domain at the C-terminus

Akama, Kiyoshi; Akihiro, Takashi; Kitagawa, Masato; Takaiwa, Fumio

doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(01)00324-4

Cited by 59 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The alignment of GAD sequences also indicated that the CaM-binding features of pine sequence are absent in two GAD sequences reported in rice (Osa2 in the alignment of Fig. 1a) that do not bind CaM in vitro (Akama et al 2001) and in all full-length sequences from Bryophyta available to date (Physcomitrella, Ppa2 in Fig. 1a).…”

Section: Molecular Characterization Of Pine Glutamate Decarboxylasementioning

confidence: 82%

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Characterization and developmental expression of a glutamate decarboxylase from maritime pine

Molina-Rueda

Pascual

Cánovas

et al. 2010

Planta

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Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in higher plants. A complete cDNA encoding glutamate decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15) was characterized from Pinus pinaster Ait, and its expression pattern was studied to gain insight into the role of GAD in the differentiation of the vascular system. Pine GAD contained a C-terminal region with conserved residues and a predicted secondary structure similar to the calmodulin (CaM)-binding domains of angiosperm GADs. The enzyme was able to bind to a bovine CaM-agarose column and GAD activity was higher at acidic pH, suggesting that the pine GAD can be regulated in vivo by Ca(2+)/CaM and pH. A polyclonal antiserum was prepared against the pine protein. GAD expression was studied at activity, protein, and mRNA level and was compared with the expression of other genes during the differentiation of the hypocotyl and induction of reaction wood. In seedling organs, GABA levels closely matched GAD expression, with high levels in the root and during lignification of the hypocotyl. GAD expression was also induced in response to the production of compression wood and its expression matched the pattern of other genes involved in ethylene and 2-oxoglutarate synthesis. The results suggest of a role of GAD in hypocotyl and stem development in pine.

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Section: Molecular Characterization Of Pine Glutamate Decarboxylasementioning

confidence: 82%

“…GAD activity results in the decarboxylation of glutamate to GABA in a proton-consuming reaction that requires pyridoxal-5Ј-phosphate as a cofactor. The protein is encoded by a small family of nuclear genes in angiosperms (Akama et al 2001). According to the information in databases, the polypeptide subunit size of plant GAD is 55-58 kD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and developmental expression of a glutamate decarboxylase from maritime pine

Molina-Rueda

Pascual

Cánovas

et al. 2010

Planta

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“…An alternate source and mode of presentation of such "self-antigens" might be postulated. For instance, animal-or plant-derived GAD peptides (48,49) could be modified by, and or absorbed together with, AGE epitopes derived from heat-processed food. The specific steps of such a mechanism are uncertain at this time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal or Neonatal Low-Glycotoxin Environment Prevents Autoimmune Diabetes in NOD Mice

et al. 2003

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Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are implicated in ␤-cell oxidant stress. Diet-derived AGE (dAGE) are shown to contribute to end-organ toxicity attributed to diabetes. To assess the role of dAGE on type 1 diabetes, NOD mice were exposed to a high-AGE diet (H-AGE) and to a nutritionally similar diet with approximate fivefold-lower levels of N ⑀ -carboxymethyllysine (CML) and methylglyoxal-derivatives (MG) (L-AGE). Suppression of serum CML and MG in L-AGE-fed mice was marked by suppression of diabetes (H-AGE mice >94% vs. L-AGE mice 33% in founder [F] 0 , 14% in F 1 , and 13% in F 2 offspring, P < 0.006) and by a delay in disease onset (4-month lag). Survival for L-AGE mice was 76 vs. 0% after 44 weeks of H-AGE mice. Reduced insulitis in L-AGE versus H-AGE mice (P < 0.01) was marked by GAD-and insulin-unresponsive pancreatic interleukin (IL)-4 -positive CD4؉ cells compared with the GADand insulin-responsive interferon (IFN)-␥-positive Tcells from H-AGE mice (P

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“…The standard deviation (SD) of the [log 2 (average ratio)] of four expression replications of the experiment was 0.270 after the removal of flagged data, and all the selected genes in Supplemental Table S1 (available at the Physiological Genomics web site) 1 were contained within the area of the median (0.00) Ϯ3SD over a normal distribution. The changes in gene expression were contained in the area of the median (0.00) Ϯ3SD over a normal distribution.…”

Section: Genes With Altered Expression Levels In Callus Cultured Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional profiling of genes responsive to abscisic acid and gibberellin in rice: phenotyping and comparative analysis between rice andArabidopsis

Yazaki

Shimatani²,

Hashimoto³

et al. 2004

Physiological Genomics

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We collected and completely sequenced 32,127 full-length complementary DNA clones from Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica cv. “Nipponbare.” Mapping of these clones to genomic DNA revealed ∼20,500 transcriptional units (TUs) in the rice genome. For each TU, we selected 60-mers using an algorithm that took into account some DNA conditions such as base composition and sequence complexity. Using in situ synthesis technology, we constructed oligonucleotide arrays with these TUs on glass slides. We targeted RNAs prepared from normally grown rice callus and from callus treated with abscisic acid (ABA) or gibberellin (GA). We identified 200 ABA-responsive and 301 GA-responsive genes, many of which had never before been annotated as ABA or GA responsive in other expression analysis. Comparison of these genes revealed antagonistic regulation of almost all by both hormones; these had previously been annotated as being responsible for protein storage and defense against pathogens. Comparison of the cis-elements of genes responsive to one or antagonistic to both hormones revealed that the antagonistic genes had cis-elements related to ABA and GA responses. The genes responsive to only one hormone were rich in cis-elements that supported ABA and GA responses. In a search for the phenotypes of mutants in which a retrotransposon was inserted in these hormone-responsive genes, we identified phenotypes related to seed formation or plant height, including sterility, vivipary, and dwarfism. In comparison of cis-elements for hormone response genes between rice and Arabidopsis thaliana, we identified cis-elements for dehydration-stress response as Arabidopsis specific and for protein storage as rice specific.

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Rice (Oryza sativa) contains a novel isoform of glutamate decarboxylase that lacks an authentic calmodulin-binding domain at the C-terminus

Cited by 59 publications

References 27 publications

Characterization and developmental expression of a glutamate decarboxylase from maritime pine

Characterization and developmental expression of a glutamate decarboxylase from maritime pine

Fetal or Neonatal Low-Glycotoxin Environment Prevents Autoimmune Diabetes in NOD Mice

Transcriptional profiling of genes responsive to abscisic acid and gibberellin in rice: phenotyping and comparative analysis between rice andArabidopsis

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