Rice Indeterminate 1 (OsId1) is necessary for the expression of Ehd1 (Early heading date 1) regardless of photoperiod

Park, Soon Ju; Kim, Song Lim; Lee, Shin-Young; Je, Byoung Il; Piao, Hai Long; Park, Sung Han; Kim, Chul Min; Ryu, Choong Hwan; Park, Sang Hyoung; Xuan, Yue; Colasanti, Joseph; An, Gynheung; Han, Chang‐deok

doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03667.x

Cited by 140 publications

(125 citation statements)

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“…In LD conditions, the expression of Hd3a is suppressed by Hd1 (Hayama et al, 2003), and Ehd1 and Hd3a are also suppressed by Ghd7 (Xue et al, 2008), which accounts for the late flowering in rice. Additionally, RID1/OsID1/Ehd2 promotes flowering under both SD and LD conditions by up-regulating Ehd1 (Matsubara et al, 2008;Park et al, 2008;Wu et al, 2008). In this study, DTH8 was found to delay rice flowering time by negatively influencing the expression of Ehd1 and Hd3a in LD conditions ( Fig.…”

Section: Dth8 Is a Novel Flowering Suppressormentioning

confidence: 76%

“…S7), suggesting that DTH8 is a flowering suppressor by down-regulating the expression of Ehd1 and Hd3a under LD conditions. There are many studies to have reported that Ehd1 locates in the upstream of Hd3a and could promote its expression (Doi et al, 2004;Kim et al, 2007;Matsubara et al, 2008;Park et al, 2008;Wu et al, 2008). At the same time, some other reports show that the flowering suppressor could repress Hd3a expression by down-regulating Ehd1 and then inhibits flowering (Xue et al, 2008).…”

Section: Dth8 Is a Novel Flowering Suppressormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, Hd1 represses flowering by down-regulating Hd3a expression under LD conditions (Kojima et al, 2002). Additionally, RID1/OsID1/ Ehd2, which is homologous to maize (Zea mays) Indeterminate1 (ID1), promotes flowering in both SD and LD conditions by up-regulating Ehd1 (Matsubara et al, 2008;Park et al, 2008;Wu et al, 2008). Ghd7, encoding a CCT domain protein, has been proven to have major effects on an array of traits in rice, including number of grains per panicle, plant height, and flowering time (Xue et al, 2008); it represses Ehd1 and Hd3a expression and then delays flowering in LD conditions.…”

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DTH8 Suppresses Flowering in Rice, Influencing Plant Height and Yield Potential Simultaneously

et al. 2010

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The three most important agronomic traits of rice (Oryza sativa), yield, plant height, and flowering time, are controlled by many quantitative trait loci (QTLs). In this study, a newly identified QTL, DTH8 (QTL for days to heading on chromosome 8), was found to regulate these three traits in rice. Map-based cloning reveals that DTH8 encodes a putative HAP3 subunit of the CCAAT-box-binding transcription factor and the complementary experiment increased significantly days to heading, plant height, and number of grains per panicle in CSSL61 (a chromosome segment substitution line that carries the nonfunctional DTH8 allele) with the Asominori functional DTH8 allele under long-day conditions. DTH8 is expressed in most tissues and its protein is localized to the nucleus exclusively. The quantitative real-time PCR assay revealed that DTH8 could down-regulate the transcriptions of Ehd1 (for Early heading date1) and Hd3a (for Heading date3a; a rice ortholog of FLOWERING LOCUS T) under long-day conditions. Ehd1 and Hd3a can also be down-regulated by the photoperiodic flowering genes Ghd7 and Hd1 (a rice ortholog of CONSTANS). Meanwhile, the transcription of DTH8 has been proved to be independent of Ghd7 and Hd1, and the natural mutation of this gene caused weak photoperiod sensitivity and shorter plant height. Taken together, these data indicate that DTH8 probably plays an important role in the signal network of photoperiodic flowering as a novel suppressor as well as in the regulation of plant height and yield potential.

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Section: Dth8 Is a Novel Flowering Suppressormentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Dth8 Is a Novel Flowering Suppressormentioning

confidence: 99%

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DTH8 Suppresses Flowering in Rice, Influencing Plant Height and Yield Potential Simultaneously

et al. 2010

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“…S2 and S3). Recently, RID1/Ehd2/OsId1, a rice orthologue of the maize ID1, was reported as a regulator of Ehd1 (25)(26)(27) Position 49 71 195 248 316 321 327 440 466 469 487 512 512 512 528 531 551 606 650 864 871 933 1048 1089 1108 1195 Position 49 71 195 248 316 321 327 440 466 469 487 512 512 512 528 531 551 606 650 864 871 933 1048 1089 1108 1195 transcription factor that can bind to the specific DNA sequence TTTTGTCG/C (28). However, this consensus sequence is not found in the Ehd1 promoter region, and whether RID1/Ehd2/ OsId1 is a direct target of Ehd1 promoter remains to be studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Hd1 proteins, Hd3a promoters, and Ehd1 expression levels contribute to diversity of flowering time in cultivated rice

Takahashi

Teshima

Yokoi

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

259

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Rice is a facultative short-day plant, and molecular genetic studies have identified the major genes involved in short-day flowering. However, the molecular mechanisms promoting the diversity of flowering time in cultivated rice are not known. We used a core collection of 64 rice cultivars that represent the genetic diversity of 332 accessions from around the world and studied the expression levels and polymorphisms of 6 genes in the short-day flowering pathway. The RNA levels of Heading date 3a (Hd3a), encoding a floral activator, are highly correlated with flowering time, and there is a high degree of polymorphism in the Heading date 1 (Hd1) protein, which is a major regulator of Hd3a expression. Functional and nonfunctional alleles of Hd1 are associated with early and late flowering, respectively, suggesting that Hd1 is a major determinant of variation in flowering time of cultivated rice. We also found that the type of Hd3a promoter and the level of Ehd1 expression contribute to the diversity in flowering time and Hd3a expression level. We evaluated the contributions of these 3 factors by a statistical analysis using a simple linear model, and the results supported our experimental observations.) has evolved during the last 8,000 to 10,000 years of domestication and breeding (1, 2). A major reason for the spread of rice cultivation to a wide range of geographical regions, and for the increases in yield, is the diversification of flowering time (1). In general, rice is known as a short-day plant that induces transition from the vegetative phase to the reproductive phase when it senses a decrease in day length. The molecular genetic pathway for short-day flowering in cultivated rice (Fig. 1A) is relatively well characterized (3-5). Signals from light and circadian clocks are received by OsGI, the rice orthologue of Arabidopsis GIGANTEA, and it regulates expression of Heading date 1 (Hd1) and OsMADS51 (6-8). Hd1 and its Arabidopsis orthologue CONSTANS encode zinc-finger type transcriptional activators with the CO, CO-like, and TOC1 (CCT) domains (9). Hd1 regulates Heading date 3a (Hd3a) expression (7, 9, 10). Hd3a is a rice orthologue of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), and these genes recently were shown to encode a mobile flowering signal (11-16). RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (RFT1) belongs to the rice FT-like gene family and functions as a floral activator, acting redundantly with Hd3a (17, 18). OsMADS51 encodes a type I MADSbox gene and functions upstream of Early heading date 1 (Ehd1) (8). Ehd1 encodes a B-type response regulator and acts as an activator of Hd3a independently from Hd1 (19). No clear orthologues of Ehd1 or OsMADS51 are found in the Arabidopsis genome. Although the genetic pathway for short-day flowering in rice is relatively well understood, the molecular mechanisms generating the diversity of flowering time in cultivated rice are not known. In this study, we analyzed the expression and nucleotide sequences of genes involved in short-day flowering in rice. Our study revealed that allelic vari...

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“…OsMADS51, which is regulated by OsGI, functions upstream of Ehd1 (Kim et al, 2007). It was recently reported that RID1/Ehd2/OsId1 is a positive regulator of both SD and LD flowering in rice (Wu et al, 2008;Matsubara et al, 2008;Park et al, 2008). By contrast, under LD conditions, Hd1 suppresses the expression of Hd3a and causes delayed flowering (Hayama et al, 2003).…”

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A gene network for long-day flowering activatesRFT1encoding a mobile flowering signal in rice

2009

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Successful sexual reproduction in flowering plants depends on the accurate timing of flowering, which transits from vegetative stages to reproductive stages. Floral transition is regulated by both endogenous and environmental signals. Photoperiodic flowering is one of the most important factors in controlling floral transition among these various signals and is regulated both by day length and by the endogenous circadian rhythm (Thomas and Vince, 1977). Plants fall into one of three photoperiod-sensing classes: long-day plants (LDP), which promote flowering by sensing long-day (LD) photoperiods, short-day plants (SDP), which promote flowering by sensing short-day (SD) photoperiods, and day-natural plants, which are not regulated by photoperiod. The signaling cascades of photoperiodic flowering have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis thaliana (LDP) (Baurle and Dean, 2006;Imaizumi and Kay, 2006) and rice (SDP) (Izawa, 2007; Tuji et al., 2008). A number of signaling cascade genes have been identified and characterized. In Arabidopsis, GIGANTEA (GI) integrates cellular signals from light sensory transduction and the circadian clock, and activates CONSTANS (CO), which encodes a zinc-finger transcriptional activator (Park et al., 1999;Samach et al., 2000). CO induces FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), which encodes a mobile flowering signal under LD conditions (Corbesier et al., 2007;Jaeger and Wigge, 2007;Lin et al., 2007;Mathieu et al., 2007). The GI-CO-FT pathway is conserved in rice (OsGI-Hd1-Hd3a) (Yano et al., 2000;Kojima et al., 2002;Hayama et al., 2002). Expression of Hd3a, the rice ortholog of FT, is also induced by Ehd1, a B-type response regulator that functions independently of Hd1 under SD conditions (Doi et al., 2004). OsMADS51, which is regulated by OsGI, functions upstream of Ehd1 (Kim et al., 2007). It was recently reported that RID1/Ehd2/OsId1 is a positive regulator of both SD and LD flowering in rice (Wu et al., 2008;Matsubara et al., 2008;Park et al., 2008). By contrast, under LD conditions, Hd1 suppresses the expression of Hd3a and causes delayed flowering (Hayama et al., 2003). Ghd7 encodes a transcription factor with a CCT motif, which acts as an LD-specific repressor of flowering (Xue et al., 2008). Thus, these studies revealed that rice flowering is regulated both by a 'SD activation pathway' and a 'LD suppression pathway' as an SDP. However, cultivated rice is grown extensively throughout Asia, and at the northern extremes of rice cultivation, including Japan and northern provinces of China and Korea, natural day length during rice cultivation is nearly LD (13-14.5 hours light) (Izawa, 2007), making LD flowering agronomically important in these regions. However, the genetic pathways governing LD flowering in rice are not well understood.FT/Hd3a, which is a common floral inducer in Arabidopsis thaliana (LDP) and rice (SDP), encodes florigen, the mobile flowering signal (Tamaki et al., 2007;Corbesier et al., 2007;Jaeger and Wigge, 2007;Lin et al., 2007;Mathieu et al., 2007), although the regulation ...

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Rice Indeterminate 1 (OsId1) is necessary for the expression of Ehd1 (Early heading date 1) regardless of photoperiod

Cited by 140 publications

References 37 publications

DTH8 Suppresses Flowering in Rice, Influencing Plant Height and Yield Potential Simultaneously

DTH8 Suppresses Flowering in Rice, Influencing Plant Height and Yield Potential Simultaneously

Variations in Hd1 proteins, Hd3a promoters, and Ehd1 expression levels contribute to diversity of flowering time in cultivated rice

A gene network for long-day flowering activatesRFT1encoding a mobile flowering signal in rice

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