Rice grain nutritional traits and their enhancement using relevant genes and QTLs through advanced approaches

Abstract

BackgroundRice breeding program needs to focus on development of nutrient dense rice for value addition and helping in reducing malnutrition. Mineral and vitamin deficiency related problems are common in the majority of the population and more specific to developing countries as their staple food is rice.ResultsGenes and QTLs are recently known for the nutritional quality of rice. By comprehensive literature survey and public domain database, we provided a critical review on nutritional aspects like grain protein and amino acid content, vitamins and minerals, glycemic index value, phenolic and flavonoid compounds, phytic acid, zinc and iron content along with QTLs linked to these traits. In addition, achievements through transgenic and advanced genomic approaches have been discussed. The information available on genes and/or QTLs involved in enhancement of micronutrient element and amino acids are summarized with graphical representation.ConclusionCompatible QTLs/genes may be combined together to design a desirable genotype with superior in multiple grain quality traits. The comprehensive review will be helpful to develop nutrient dense rice cultivars by integrating molecular markers and transgenic assisted breeding approaches with classical breeding.

Development of sequence-based markers for seed protein content in pigeonpea

“…The observed quantitative phenotypic variation of seed protein content (SPC) among pigeonpea genotypes (Upadhyaya et al 2007b;Obala 2017) reflect the complex nature of the trait consistent with observations in other crop plants such as soybean (Hwang et al 2014;Zhang et al 2015), pea (Burstin et al 2007Krajewski et al 2012), wheat (Blanco et al 2012), maize (Guo et al 2013;Yang et al 2014) and rice (Mahender et al 2016). For a quantitative character like SPC, the conventional QTL mapping to identify marker trait associations is laborious, time-consuming and costly (Singh et al 2016a).…”

Physicochemical and nutritional properties of twenty three traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties of Sri Lanka

“…Thus, our findings are in agreement with those of IRRI. However, according to the most of the studies conducted, protein content of rice varieties worldwide were < 13% [1,2,6,[31][32][33]. Thus, rice varieties which had protein content > 13% can be considered as high protein-containing varieties.…”

Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal the Genetic Basis of Ionomic Variation in Rice

“…Many genes responsible for the uptake, translocation, and storage of mineral elements in plants have been identified. Based on studies using biparental populations, a large number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for mineral concentrations in rice have been reported (Lu et al, 2008;Garcia-Oliveira et al, 2009;Norton et al, 2010Norton et al, , 2012aDu et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2014;Mahender et al, 2016;Ohmori et al, 2016). To date, only a small number of the mineral QTLs have been finely mapped, leading to the identification of the causal genes, including the transporter genes Os-HKT1;5 (or SKC1) for sodium (Na), Os-HMA3 for Cd, NRT1.1B for N, and Os-HMA4 for copper (Cu) (Ren et al, 2005;Ueno et al, 2010;Miyadate et al, 2011;Hu et al, 2015;.…”