Rice Germosprout Extract Protects Erythrocytes from Hemolysis and the Aorta, Brain, Heart, and Liver Tissues from Oxidative Stress In Vitro

Abstract

Identifying dietary alternatives for artificial antioxidants capable of boosting antihemolytic and antioxidative defense has been an important endeavor in improving human health. In the present study, we studied antihemolytic and antioxidative effects of germosprout (i.e., the germ part along with sprouted stems plus roots) extract prepared from the pregerminated rice. The extract contained considerable amounts of antioxidant β-carotene (414 ± 12 ng/g of extract) and phytochemicals such as total polyphenols (12.0 ± 1.1 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract) and flavonoids (11.0 ± 1.4 mg catechin equivalent/g of extract). The antioxidant potential of the extract was assessed by its DPPH- (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-) free radical scavenging activity where we observed that germosprout extract had considerable antioxidative potentials. To evaluate antihemolytic effect of the extract, freshly prepared erythrocytes were incubated with either peroxynitrite or Fenton's reagent in the absence or presence of the extract. We observed that erythrocytes pretreated with the extract exhibited reduced degree of in vitro hemolysis. To support the proposition that germosprout extract could act as a good antioxidative agent, we also induced in vitro oxidative stress in erythrocyte membranes and in the aorta, brain, heart, and liver tissue homogenates in the presence of the extract. As expected, germosprout extract decreased oxidative stress almost to the same extent as that of vitamin E, as measured by lipid peroxide levels, in all the mentioned tissues. We conclude that rice germosprout extract could be a good natural source of antioxidants to reduce oxidative stress-induced hemolysis and damage of blood vessels and other tissues.

In Vitro Protective Effect of Phikud Navakot Extraction on Erythrocyte

“…These indicated that all doses of PN and ascorbic acid can protect hemolysis from H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress on intact sheep erythrocyte. Like other studies, herbal plants and plant-derived antioxidant, such as flavonoids, orientin, and luteolin, have been used to alleviate oxidative stress on erythrocyte [16, 22, 23]. PN also has antioxidative effect to protect hemolysis corresponded to our previous studies that claim an antioxidative property of PN on endothelial stress and oxidative stress induced by apoptosis [13].…”

Cholesterol Lowering and Antioxidative Effect of Pregerminated Brown Rice in Hypercholesterolemic Rats

“…Extracts were then filtered, dried, and suspended in water, subjected to a bath sonicator, aliquoted, and stored at 220˚C. Antioxidant phytochemicals or radical scavenging potential of rice extract was determined, as previously described (10).…”

“…After deep anesthesia with pentobarbital, blood from a fresh set of rats was collected from the inferior vena cava with a heparinized syringe. Erythrocytes were washed with normal saline, and then subjected to hemolysis assay, as described previously but with slide modification (10,11). Briefly, erythrocyte suspensions (at 2% hematocrit) were incubated with or without rice (WR/GBR) extract in the absence or presence freshly prepared Fenton's reagents [H 2O2 (45 mm)1FeSO4 (2 mm)] at 37˚C for 1 h. At the end of incubation, erythrocytes were gently pelleted down by centrifuging the samples at 300 3g for 10 min.…”

“…Liver TC, TG and fecal TC was analyzed with commercially available analytical kits. The levels of liver lipid peroxide (LPO) were determined from the liver whole homogenates, as described previously (10). Hepatic TNFa was measured by ELISA, as previously described (9).…”