Rice Cationic Peroxidase Accumulates in Xylem Vessels during Incompatible Interactions with Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae

Young, Scott A.; Guo, Ailan; Guikema, James A.; White, Frank F.; Leach, Jan E.

doi:10.1104/pp.107.4.1333

Cited by 150 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Several reports on DM-PM interaction with significance to priming with elicitors have been done. Our present findings are also in concurrence with the findings enhanced levels of defenserelated enzymes observed in crude oligosaccharide treated PM seedlings and further increased after S. graminicola infection specifies that seed treatment of PM with oligosaccharides makes an incompatible atmosphere for infection, production and sporulation by S. graminicola which directs to the disease inhibition [39,40,41]. Oligosaccharides extracted from the cell wall of T. asperellum shows significantly (P ≤ 0.05) enhanced defense activity in PM plant and control the DM infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Trichoderma oligosaccharides priming mediates resistance responses in pearl millet against downy mildew pathogen

Nandini¹,

Hariprasad²,

Prakash³

et al. 2017

J App Biol Biotech

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Fungal cell wall oligosaccharides are being focused on the biological management of crop diseases by elicitation of defense responses. In the present study, an approach was taken to enhance the pearl millet disease resistance using biotic elicitors for eco-friendly management against downy mildew pathogen through seed priming approach. Crude oligosaccharides extracted from four different Trichoderma spp. enhances the disease protection ability in pearl millet. Seed priming with T. asperellum along with the osmopriming agent, mannitol had shown better protection with improved seedling vigor compared to controls. Modulation of defensive enzymes such as peroxidase and lipoxygenase also confirms the elicitation of resistance responses in the host with increased enzyme activity at different time interval patterns.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Trichoderma oligosaccharides priming mediates resistance responses in pearl millet against downy mildew pathogen

Nandini¹,

Hariprasad²,

Prakash³

et al. 2017

J App Biol Biotech

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“…The bacterial inocula (5 ϫ 10 8 cfu/ml) were prepared as described in ref. 16, and leaf blades of 1-month-old plants were inoculated by the leaf-clipping method (17). After inoculation, the plants were incubated under dark conditions at 25°C with 100% humidity for 24 h, and then kept at 28°C in daytime and 22°C at night with a 12-h photoperiod.…”

Section: Detection Of Reaction Products By Capillary Electrophoresis mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced dihydroflavonol-4-reductase activity and NAD homeostasis leading to cell death tolerance in transgenic rice

Hayashi

Takahashi

Tamura

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The maize Hm1 gene encoding the NADPH-dependent HC-toxin reductase is capable of detoxifying HC-toxin of fungus Cochliobolus carbonum. Here, we conducted the metabolic and biochemical analysis in transgenic rice plants overexpressing an HC-toxin reductase-like gene in rice (YK1 gene). Methods employing NADPH oxidation and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that YK1 possessed dihydroflavonol-4-reductase activity in vitro and in vivo. The overexpression of YK1 in both suspension-cultured cells and rice plants increased NAD(H) and NADP(H) levels by causing an increase in NAD synthetase and NAD kinase activities. Activity changes in enzymes that require NAD(P) as coenzymes were also noted in rice cells ectopically expressing YK1, where the cell death caused by hydrogen peroxide and bacterial disease was down-regulated. Thus, a strategy was proposed that the combination of dihydroflavonol-4-reductase activity and the elevated level of NAD(P)H pool may confer the prevention of induced cell death in planta. NADPH-dependent HC-toxin reductaseI n maize plants, the NADPH-dependent HC-toxin reductase (HCTR) detoxifies the HC-toxin produced by the fungus Cochliobolus carbonum (1). HCTR is encoded by the maize Hm1 gene (2). A similar gene is conserved in monocots such as rice (3) and barley (4). The molecular mechanism of the maize defense system against C. carbonum invasion remains largely unknown (5). The fungus C. carbonum is specialized for growth on maize, and HC-toxin is only biosynthesized in race 1. Therefore, it is uncertain that the role of Hm1 homologues in other monocots is detoxification (6). To determine the biological function of the Hm1 homologue in rice (the YK1 gene), we established transgenic rice plants with ectopic expression of YK1. The YK1-overexpressing rice plants showed enhanced resistance to rice blast disease and to abiotic stresses like UV radiation, increased salinity, and submergence (7). Here, we demonstrate that YK1 possesses dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) activity; to our knowledge, this is the first confirmation of such biochemical evidences for HCTR-like protein. Furthermore, the overexpression of YK1 in rice altered the activities of enzymes engaged in NAD biosynthesis, and of enzymes requiring NAD(P) as coenzymes. Moreover, overexpression of YK1 in rice conferred the prevention of cell death caused by the hydrogen peroxide as well as the bacterial disease. Materials and MethodsPlant Materials. Transgenic rice plants (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare) possessing either vector alone (the control line) or the YK1 gene (L-1 and L-2) were grown in a growth-cabinet (7). L-1 and L-2 are independent lines overexpressing the YK1 gene under the maize ubiquitin promoter. Suspension-cultured cells of rice were transferred weekly into liquid MS medium supplemented with sucrose [3% (wt/wt)], KH 2 PO 4 (340 mg/liter), thiamine (1 mg/liter), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (0.2 mg/liter). Seedlings were maintained in the same medium devoid of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

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“…1989; surrounding mesophyll was effective in cv. SP Mansvelt & Hattingh, 1989;Young et al 1995). 70-1143.…”

Section: Light and Electron Microscopy Antibody Preparation And Immumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B-4362 were more intensively symbiotic (Sequeira et al, 1977; Djordjevic, Gabriel immunogold-labelled than those in cv. SP 70-114370- , & Rolfe, 1987Bretschneider et al, 1989;Brewin, suggesting that the production of the bacterial mucus 1991; Leigh & Coplin, 1992;McKhann & Hirsch, recognized by the antibody w^as greatly enhanced 1994; Perotto et al, 1994;Young et al, 1995). in the susceptible cultivar.…”

Section: Light and Electron Microscopy Antibody Preparation And Immumentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection of mottled stripe disease‐susceptible and resistant sugar cane varieties by the endophytic diazotroph Herbaspirilium

et al. 1997

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SUMMARYLeaves of a mottled stripe disease-susceptible cultivar (B-4362) and of a mottled stripe disease-resistant cultivar (SP 70-1143) of sugar cane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum) were inoculated with the diazotrophic endophytes, Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans or Herbaspir ilium seropedicae, via injection into the apex of the stem. At 7 and 20 d.a.i., H. seropedicae could be isolated only from a small necrotic area around the point of inoculation, where there was considerable degradation of host cells, and was not detected in any other part of the leaves. This suggested a hypersensitive response by the host to this bacterium, and no disease symptoms formed on either cultivar. By contrast, H. rubrisubalbicans could be re-isolated from throughout the infected leaves of both cultivars at both harvests and produced widespread disease symptoms on the leaves of cv. B-4362.Symptoms consisted of necrotic regions near the point of inoculation, and red stripes and red patches along the vertical axis of the leaves, where the bacteria had spread in the primary and secondary veins. The xylemconducting elements in diseased regions of leaves were filled with bacteria and, at the edges of disease symptoms, the vessels were filled with a gum which stained blue-green with toluidine blue. This material probably contained phenolic compounds ,and was produced as a host defence response. Leaves of cv. SP 70-1143 only developed small red stripes near the point of inoculation. These symptoms did not spread along the leaves, and the infected xylem vessels were never seen to be completely full of bacteria. Instead, the vessels contained encapsulated bacterial colonies attached to secondary wall deposition; these colonies were surrounded by blue-green material that might have been host-defence gums. In cv. B-4362, bacteria were abundant in the intercellular spaces of mesophyll adjacent to infected xylem, and also filled sub-stomatal cavities. Immunogold labelling using polyclonal antisera raised against H. rubrisubalbicans gave a weak signal with the bacteria in cv. SP 70-1143, showing that few binding sites were available to the antibodies. By contrast, bacteria in cv. B-4362 reacted strongly with the antibody, suggesting that they had a denser coating of immunoreactive mucus. In the later stages of infection of cv. B-4362, lysed bacteria were seen within degraded plant cells surrounded by a matrix of plant gums and bacterial mucus. This matrix reacted strongly to the H. rubrisubalbicans antibodies. Immunogold labelling using antibodies against nitrogenase component II showed that nitrogenase was expressed by bacteria in the early stages of infection of cv. B-4362, but not in later stages, or by bacteria infecting cv. SP 70-1143.

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Rice Cationic Peroxidase Accumulates in Xylem Vessels during Incompatible Interactions with Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae

Cited by 150 publications

References 32 publications

Trichoderma oligosaccharides priming mediates resistance responses in pearl millet against downy mildew pathogen

Trichoderma oligosaccharides priming mediates resistance responses in pearl millet against downy mildew pathogen

Enhanced dihydroflavonol-4-reductase activity and NAD homeostasis leading to cell death tolerance in transgenic rice

Infection of mottled stripe disease‐susceptible and resistant sugar cane varieties by the endophytic diazotroph Herbaspirilium

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