Rice as an alternative feed ingredient in swine diets

Abstract

It has become important to explore alternative feed ingredients to reduce feed costs, which are burdensome for livestock production. In addition, it is desirable to find efficient and functional alternative ingredients for traditional feed ingredients in pig diets, considering the stress and sensitivity of disease of pig. Rice is produced around the world like corn that is the typical energy source in pig diets. Although the nutritional quality varies depending on the degree of milling, rice, except whole grains (paddy rice), contains more starch than corn and its structure and granule size are easier to digest than corn. In addition, the fact that rice has fewer non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) is also effective in improving digestibility and various polyphenols in rice can help modulation of immune responses, which can be beneficial to the gastrointestinal environment and health of pig. Many studies have been conducted on rice focusing on things such as degree of milling, substitution rates of corn, granule size, and processing methods. Most results have shown that rice can be partially or completely used to replace corn in pig diets without negatively affecting pig growth and production. While further research should focus on the precise biological mechanisms at play, it was confirmed that the use of rice could reduce the use of antibiotics and pig removal and protect pigs from gastrointestinal diseases including diarrhea. From this point of view, rice can be evaluated as a valuable feed ingredient for swine diets.

Natural occurrence of ustiloxins in rice from five provinces in China and the removal efficiencies of different milling steps

“…11,18,20 Similar results were also obtained with occurrence and average concentration of 59.7% and 0.24 μg kg −1 for UA and 48.6% and 0.15 μg kg −1 for UB, respectively, in processed rice samples in 12 countries other than China (Brazil, Cambodia, India, Italy, Japan, Laos, Myanmar, Pakistan, Russia, Spain, Thailand, and Vietnam). 11 Recently, the contamination of ustiloxins in paddy has attracted increasing attention due to the increasing application of paddy in animal husbandry 21,22 and in the preparation of pharmaceutical adjuvants, food additives, and supplements 23,24 instead of just as a staple food. However, in previous reports, the surveys of ustiloxins in large-scale samples were conducted only in processed rice.…”

Effect of Home-made Cooked Feed vs. Balanced Feed on Growth Performance and Benefit-Cost Ratio of Ghungroo and Large White Yorkshire Piglets Reared under Intensive System in Sundarban Area of West Bengal, India

“…[29]. Acid detergent fiber (%) of white rice was 1.85% and brown rice was 1.31% as reported by Kim et al [30]. Digestibility of rice was increased compared with that of other grains when rice was heat-treated (gelatinous form) before feeding to pigs [31][32][33].…”

The Ingestion of Dietary Prebiotic Alternatives during Lactation Promotes Intestinal Health by Modulation of Gut Microbiota

“…In recent years, along with a worldwide increase in the production of biofuels, the prices of materials that have been traditionally used as stock feed, such as corn and soybean meal, have been steadily rising [ 1 ]. The rising cost of these ingredients has led to the increasing use of cheap by-products as substitutes for grains such as corn and soybean meal, and these have become an important part of swine diets [ 2 ]. Among the various types of by-products, palm kernel by-products, such as palm kernel expeller (PKE) and palm kernel meal (PKM) in particular, have been mainly used in ruminant and poultry feeds [ 3 , 4 ], and not swine feeds, because they have a higher fiber content than corn and soybean meal, but a lower energy density, protein value, and poor amino acid (AA) composition [ 5 ].…”