“…Taken together, numerous non-canonical substrates have now been acylated to tRNA by Fx and subsequently incorporated site-specifically into a peptide in a reconstituted PURE system. The substrates include a- (Obexer et al, 2017), b-(Fujino et al, 2016, g- (Ohshiro et al, 2011), D-amino acids (Katoh et al, 2017) Review (Lee et al, 2021), non-amino (aromatic, aliphatic) acids (Lee et al, 2019), foldamers Rogers et al, 2018), oligomeric peptides (Tsiamantas et al, 2020), malonyl (polyketide-like) acids (Ad et al, 2019), hydroxyacids (Ohta et al, 2007(Ohta et al, , 2008, and thioacids (Takatsuji et al, 2019).…”