Ribosome Biogenesis

Cisterna, Barbara; Biggiogera, Marco

doi:10.1016/s1937-6448(10)84002-x

Cited by 44 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 255 publications

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“…The nucleolus assembles around transcription and maturation of the rRNA, and can be divided into three major subcompartments; fibrillar centers (FCs), dense fibrillar component (DFC) and granular component (GC). Transcription of the rDNA repeats is thought to occur at the border between the FC and DFC, with most RNA polymerase I (RNA pol I) subunits located in the FC region [7,8]. The 28S, 18S and 5.8S ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are transcribed by RNA pol I as a single 47S precursor that is subsequently processed and cleaved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The various rRNA species are also post-transcriptionally modified through interaction with small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (snoRNPs) and additional processing factors in the DFC and GC regions. Ribosome subunit assembly and rRNA processing continues in the GC region, which is especially rich in RNA and protein, while additional processing and modification steps also occur throughout the nucleoplasm [7,8]. The ribosome subunits interact with the nuclear export machinery and are transported, in an inactive state, to the cytoplasm [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ribosome subunit assembly and rRNA processing continues in the GC region, which is especially rich in RNA and protein, while additional processing and modification steps also occur throughout the nucleoplasm [7,8]. The ribosome subunits interact with the nuclear export machinery and are transported, in an inactive state, to the cytoplasm [7,8]. In the cytoplasm several additional maturation steps occur in both the 40S and 60S biogenesis pathways including removal of inhibitory factors for translation ultimately culminating in the functional activation of the ribosome [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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p53 -Dependent and -Independent Nucleolar Stress Responses

Olausson

Nistér

Lindström

2012

Cells

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The nucleolus has emerged as a cellular stress sensor and key regulator of p53-dependent and -independent stress responses. A variety of abnormal metabolic conditions, cytotoxic compounds, and physical insults induce alterations in nucleolar structure and function, a situation known as nucleolar or ribosomal stress. Ribosomal proteins, including RPL11 and RPL5, become increasingly bound to the p53 regulatory protein MDM2 following nucleolar stress. Ribosomal protein binding to MDM2 blocks its E3 ligase function leading to stabilization and activation of p53. In this review we focus on a number of novel regulators of the RPL5/RPL11-MDM2-p53 complex including PICT1 (GLTSCR2), MYBBP1A, PML and NEDD8. p53-independent pathways mediating the nucleolar stress response are also emerging and in particular the negative control that RPL11 exerts on Myc oncoprotein is of importance, given the role of Myc as a master regulator of ribosome biogenesis. We also briefly discuss the potential of chemotherapeutic drugs that specifically target RNA polymerase I to induce nucleolar stress.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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p53 -Dependent and -Independent Nucleolar Stress Responses

Olausson

Nistér

Lindström

2012

Cells

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“…6,10 The main activity, however, is the synthesis of rRNAs and its association with ribosomal proteins to form the ribosomal subunits. Transcriptional activity is very active in HeLa cells, and it is known to decrease with aging in culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrete foci containing RNAse A are found in nucleoli of HeLa cells after aging in culture

et al. 2011

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We have studied by means of ultrastructural immunocytochemistry the localization of RNase A in nuclei of HeLa cells in control conditions and following cell ageing in culture. We have found that roundish, electron dense foci, which contain a significant amount of RNase A, can be detected within nucleoli of aged cells. These bodies also contain RNA and lack ribosomal S3 proteins, and may represent either simple storage sites or areas where RNA degradation takes place.

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“…AEG-1 translocation to the astrocyte nuclear pockets and colocalization with nucleolar protein fibrillarin, upon oxidative or physical stress such as injury is an important finding highlighting the yet unknown nucleolar function of AEG-1. The main function of the nucleolus is the transcription of ribosomal RNA and synthesis of small and large ribosome subunits (Cisterna and Biggiogera, 2010; Hernandez-Verdun et al , 2010), a tightly regulated process to achieve proper cellular proliferation and cell growth. AEG-1 colocalization with fibrillarin, a dense fibrillar component of the nucleolus participating in ribosome synthesis (Ochs et al , 1985), indicates that AEG-1 may play a role in pre-ribosomal RNA processing in response to oxidative stress, a hallmark of all neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders including biological aging.…”

Section: Astrocytes and Aeg-1 In Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) and the A(E)Ging HIV/AIDS-HAND

Vartak-Sharma

Nooka

Ghorpade

2017

Progress in Neurobiology

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Recent attempts to analyze human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-induced gene expression changes in astrocytes uncovered a multifunctional oncogene, astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1). Our previous studies revealed that AEG-1 regulates reactive astrocytes proliferation, migration and inflammation, all hallmarks of aging and CNS injury. Moreover, the involvement of AEG-1 in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington’s disease and migraine, and its induction in the aged brain suggest a plausible role in regulating overall CNS homeostasis and aging. Therefore, it is important to investigate AEG-1 specifically in aging-associated cognitive decline. In this study, we decipher the common mechanistic links in cancer, aging and HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders that likely contribute to AEG-1-based regulation of astrocyte responses and function. Despite AEG-1 incorporation into HIV-1 virions and its induction by HIV-1, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, the specific role(s) of AEG-1 in astrocyte-driven HIV-1 neuropathogenesis are incompletely defined. We propose that AEG-1 plays a central role in a multitude of cellular stress responses involving mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleolus. It is thus important to further investigate AEG-1-based cellular and molecular regulation in order to successfully develop better therapeutic approaches that target AEG-1 to combat cancer, HIV-1 and aging.

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Ribosome Biogenesis

Cited by 44 publications

References 255 publications

p53 -Dependent and -Independent Nucleolar Stress Responses

p53 -Dependent and -Independent Nucleolar Stress Responses

Discrete foci containing RNAse A are found in nucleoli of HeLa cells after aging in culture

Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) and the A(E)Ging HIV/AIDS-HAND

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