Ribosomal RNA sequences of Sarcocystis muris, Theileria annulata and Crypthecodinium cohnii reveal evolutionary relationships among apicomplexans, dinoflagellates, and ciliates

Gajadhar, Alvin A.; Marquardt, William C.; Hall, Roger; Gunderson, John H.; Ariztia-Carmona, Edgardo V.; Sogin, Mitchell L.

doi:10.1016/0166-6851(91)90036-6

Cited by 261 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The amplification of dinoflagellates and occasionally, fungi (another protist) suggests that the specificity of the primers used in the qPCR-MCA is not strictly coccidia-specific. This finding is supported by earlier rDNA studies showing a close phylogenetic relationship among some phyla of the diverse group of protists, including coccidia, dinoflagellates, piroplasms, and ciliates, 17 However, when appropriate controls are used in each run, these nonspecific amplicons are easily identified and may be ruled out by sequencing.…”

supporting

confidence: 69%

Application of a qPCR Assay with Melting Curve Analysis for Detection and Differentiation of Protozoan Oocysts in Human Fecal Samples from Dominican Republic

Lalonde

Reyes

Gajadhar³

2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay with melt curve analysis (qPCR-MCA) was applied for the detection of protozoan oocysts in 501 human fecal samples collected in Dominican Republic. Samples were subjected to qPCR using universal coccidia primers targeting 18S rDNA to detect oocysts followed by MCA to identify oocyst species based on amplicon melting temperature. Putative positive samples were also tested by conventional PCR and microscopy. Cystoisospora belli ( 9) were detected by qPCR-MCA and confirmed by sequencing. This assay consistently detected 10 copies of the cloned target fragment and can be considered more efficient and sensitive than microscopy flotation methods for detecting multiple species of oocysts in human feces. The qPCR-MCA is a reliable protozoan oocyst screening assay for use on clinical and environmental samples in public health, food safety and veterinary programs.

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supporting

confidence: 69%

Application of a qPCR Assay with Melting Curve Analysis for Detection and Differentiation of Protozoan Oocysts in Human Fecal Samples from Dominican Republic

Lalonde

Reyes

Gajadhar³

2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Given the strong support for apicomplexan affinity with dinoflagellates and ciliates from many phylogenetic studies (Gajadhar et al 1991;Cavalier-Smith 1993), and the equally strong support for affinity of the 35 kb element with cyanobacteria, this element is presumed to have arisen through horizontal genetic transfer. The 35 kb element clusters with plastid genomes rather than with free-living cyanobacteria (Kö hler et al 1997;McFadden 1999), arguing that this DNA was acquired by secondary endosymbiosis, as shown in figure 1 (Palmer & Delwiche 1996).…”

Section: Discovery Of the Apicomplexan Plastidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mining thePlasmodiumgenome database to define organellar function: what does the apicoplast do?

Roos

Crawford

Donald

et al. 2002

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Apicomplexan species constitute a diverse group of parasitic protozoa, which are responsible for a wide range of diseases in many organisms. Despite differences in the diseases they cause, these parasites share an underlying biology, from the genetic controls used to differentiate through the complex parasite life cycle, to the basic biochemical pathways employed for intracellular survival, to the distinctive cell biology necessary for host cell attachment and invasion. Different parasites lend themselves to the study of different aspects of parasite biology: Eimeria for biochemical studies, Toxoplasma for molecular genetic and cell biological investigation, etc. The Plasmodium falciparum Genome Project contributes the first large-scale genomic sequence for an apicomplexan parasite. The Plasmodium Genome Database (http://PlasmoDB. org) has been designed to permit individual investigators to ask their own questions, even prior to formal release of the reference P. falciparum genome sequence. As a case in point, PlasmoDB has been exploited to identify metabolic pathways associated with the apicomplexan plastid, or 'apicoplast'-an essential organelle derived by secondary endosymbiosis of an alga, and retention of the algal plastid.

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“…The Apicomplexa is an ancient phylum of ∼5000 species, all of which are parasitic (Levine 1970). Apicomplexans are most closely related to dinoflagellates and ciliates as shown by phylogenetic reconstructions based on small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences (Gajadhar et al 1991;Escalante and Ayala 1994), and more recently, by examining conserved protein sequences (Baldauf et al 2000). The age of the Apicomplexa predicts that many of their features will have diverged since their last common ancestry with the major eukaryotic kingdoms of plants, animals, and fungi.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Discovery in the Apicomplexa as Revealed by EST Sequencing and Assembly of a Comparative Gene Database

Li¹,

Brunk²,

Kissinger³

et al. 2003

Genome Res.

133

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Large-scale EST sequencing projects for several important parasites within the phylum Apicomplexa were undertaken for the purpose of gene discovery. Included were several parasites of medical importance (Plasmodium falciparum, Toxoplasma gondii) and others of veterinary importance (Eimeria tenella, Sarcocystis neurona, and Neospora caninum). A total of 55,192 ESTs, deposited into dbEST/GenBank, were included in the analyses. The resulting sequences have been clustered into nonredundant gene assemblies and deposited into a relational database that supports a variety of sequence and text searches. This database has been used to compare the gene assemblies using BLAST similarity comparisons to the public protein databases to identify putative genes. Of these new entries, ∼15%-20% represent putative homologs with a conservative cutoff of p < 10 −9 , thus identifying many conserved genes that are likely to share common functions with other well-studied organisms. Gene assemblies were also used to identify strain polymorphisms, examine stage-specific expression, and identify gene families. An interesting class of genes that are confined to members of this phylum and not shared by plants, animals, or fungi, was identified. These genes likely mediate the novel biological features of members of the Apicomplexa and hence offer great potential for biological investigation and as possible therapeutic targets.

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Ribosomal RNA sequences of Sarcocystis muris, Theileria annulata and Crypthecodinium cohnii reveal evolutionary relationships among apicomplexans, dinoflagellates, and ciliates

Cited by 261 publications

References 19 publications

Application of a qPCR Assay with Melting Curve Analysis for Detection and Differentiation of Protozoan Oocysts in Human Fecal Samples from Dominican Republic

Application of a qPCR Assay with Melting Curve Analysis for Detection and Differentiation of Protozoan Oocysts in Human Fecal Samples from Dominican Republic

Mining thePlasmodiumgenome database to define organellar function: what does the apicoplast do?

Gene Discovery in the Apicomplexa as Revealed by EST Sequencing and Assembly of a Comparative Gene Database

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