Ribosomal ribonucleic acid similarities in the classification of Streptomyces

Abstract

1. SUMMARY 2. INTRODUCTION Duplexes were prepared between [X4C]rRNA from Streptomyces albus ISP5313, Streptomyces griseus ISP5236, Streptomyces laoendulae ISP5069 and Streptoverticillium cinnamoneum ISP5005 and DNA from 11 representatives of the genera Streptomyces and Streptoverticillium. The relationships between the organisms were determined by plotting the temperature at which 50% of the duplex was denatured (Tin(e)) against the percentage of rRNA binding (/~g [t4C]rRNA duplexed per 100/~g filter-bound DNA). The Streptomyces strains formed duplexes with high Tin(e) values within narrow ranges in each reference system and thereby occupied distinct regions in the rRNA similarity maps. The Streptoverticillium strains also formed stable duplexes with the Streptornyces reference systems but were distinguished from streptomycetes on the rRNA similarity map based upon the Streptoverticillium cinnamoneum reference system. * To whom correspondence should be sent. The genus Streptomyces contains aerobic, Gram-positive actinomycetes that are highly oxidative and form extensive branching substrate and aerial mycelia, the latter usually beating long chains of spores [11,35]. Streptomycetes have a wall chemotype I, containing LL-diaminopimelic acid and glycine but no characteristic sugar in the peptidogiycan [11,16], and a DNA base composition within the range 69-73 mol % guanine + cytosine [27]. The confused state of streptomycete systematics has impeded the objective choice of strains for detailed chemosystematic and genetical studies, but a recent numerical phenetic survey [35] provided a baseline for the classification of Streptomyces and related taxa. In this study, most of the 394 Streptornyces type cultures were recovered in a large cluster group (A) which contained 19 major, 40 minor and 18 single member clusters. However, several streptomycete species fell outside the Streptomyces cluster group. These included the Streptomyces lavendulae cluster which fell into the same cluster group (F) as Streptoverticilliurn strains.DNA:ribosomal (r)RNA pairing studies provide a convenient way of determining relationships

Menaquinone Composition in the Classification of Streptomyces and Other Sporoactinomycetes

“…Streptomycetes have a wall chemotype I, that is, they contain LLdiaminopimelic acid and glycine but no characteristic sugar in the peptidoglycan (Lechevalier & Lechevalier, 1970). The confused state of streptomycete systematics (Sneath, 1970;Kutzner, 1981) has made it difficult to choose representative strains for taxonomic studies (Ridell & Williams, 1983;Gladek et al, 1985), while it can be difficult to distinguish Streptomyces from related wall chemotype I taxa and from Actinomadura, Nocardiopsis and Nocardia strains that lack mycolic acids (Gordon & Horan, 1968;Lacey et al, 1978;Goodfellow & Pirouz, 1982;Goodfellow & Haynes, 1984;. However, in a recent numerical phenetic study of Streptomyces and related genera most of the 394 Sfreptomyces type cultures fell into an aggregate taxon, cluster-group A, that encompassed 19 major, 14 minor and 18 single-member clusters.…”

A numerical classification of the genera Streptomyces and Streptoverticillium using miniaturized physiological tests

“…Current improvements in streptomycete taxonomy are mainly concerned with the use of chemotaxonomic, molecular genetic and serological data (Fierro et al, 1987;Mordarski et al, 1986;Saddler et al, 1987;O'Donnell, 1988;Ridell et al, 1986;Gladek et al, 1985) to evaluate the species defined by the numerical studies. Chemotaxonomic methods have still to be improved for the analysis of quantitative data (O'Donnell, 1988).…”

“…As pointed out by Kutzner (1981) and confirmed here (Table 2), the streptoverticillia utilize only a limited number of carbon sources. The only support for distinguishing between Streptomyces and Streptoverticillium has come from DNA-RNA pairing studies (Gladek et al, 1985). The current recognition of Streptoverticillium as a separate genus is nonetheless still a practical proposition.…”

A Taxonomic Study of the Genus Streptomyces by Analysis of Ribosomal Protein AT-L30

“…The phenetic data of these authors in most cases confirmed the existence of the major phena found in the study of Williams et al (34), although only some of the cluster groups defined in the study of Williams et al were detected by Kampfer et al Data which describe DNA relatedness among strains are also valuable for taxonomy, especially at the species level, and such data have been applied to streptomycetes by . The phenetic clustering of these organisms actually reflects their genomic relationships as determined by DNA relatedness analyses and rRNA-based analyses (1,35).On the basis of the heterogeneity of the ribosomal proteins of Streptomyces species, I (17) developed a novel method for identifying and classifying actinomycetes. Ribosomal protein patterns determined by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) could be used for Streptomyces taxonomy at the species level, while analysis of ribosomal AT-L30 proteins (homologous to Escherichia coli L30 protein) could be used to classify actinomycetes at the genus level (18,19,21,23,25,26).…”

“…The phenetic data of these authors in most cases confirmed the existence of the major phena found in the study of Williams et al (34), although only some of the cluster groups defined in the study of Williams et al were detected by Kampfer et al Data which describe DNA relatedness among strains are also valuable for taxonomy, especially at the species level, and such data have been applied to streptomycetes by . The phenetic clustering of these organisms actually reflects their genomic relationships as determined by DNA relatedness analyses and rRNA-based analyses (1,35).…”