Riboflavin in Human Health: A Review of Current Evidences

Saedisomeolia, Ahmad; Ashoori, Marziyeh

doi:10.1016/bs.afnr.2017.11.002

Cited by 103 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…The B vitamins (thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), vitamin B6, folate (B9), and vitamin B12) are water-soluble, and they are essential for many body functions, including catabolic metabolism and anabolic metabolism. Importantly, the active forms of thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin are essential co-enzymes playing a role in mitochondrial aerobic respiration and cellular energy production, and therefore deficiency of any one B vitamin could dysregulate the aforementioned processes [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Micronutrient and Mineral Intake in the Mediterranean Healthy Eating, Ageing, and Lifestyle (MEAL) Study

et al. 2018

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Background: Dietary vitamins and minerals are essential compounds for the proper functioning of metabolic enzymes, regulation of gene transcription, and powering the body’s defense against oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate micronutrient consumption separately by age and sex, major dietary sources, and percentage of individuals meeting the recommended requirements according to Italian (Livelli di Assunzione di Riferimento di Nutrienti (LARN)) and European (European Food Safety Agency (EFSA)) agencies. Methods: Data were obtained from the Mediterranean Healthy Eating, Ageing, and Lifestyle (MEAL) study, which included a sample of 1838 individuals randomly collected in the city of Catania, southern Italy. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to collect information on diet. Results: Intake of vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin B group (except vitamin B9) was in line with other reports and was adequate according to the guidelines, while the percentage of individuals meeting the guidelines for vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin B9 was about 3%, 10%, and 40%, respectively. Among minerals, intake of iron, magnesium, and selenium was adequate for most of the sample, while the percentage of individuals meeting the recommendations for calcium, sodium, and potassium intake was about 20%, 8%, and 35%, respectively. Conclusions: An important percentage of the population would benefit from campaigns raising awareness of micronutrient deficiency or excessive consumption potentially affecting their health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Micronutrient and Mineral Intake in the Mediterranean Healthy Eating, Ageing, and Lifestyle (MEAL) Study

et al. 2018

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“…Riboflavin acts as the precursor for two coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which are involved in energy metabolism. FAD is essential for the activity of glutathione reductase, which converts oxidized glutathione (GSSH) into reduced glutathione (GSH) (see discussion of GSH below) [107]. Also, riboflavin functions as an antioxidant through the oxidation of dihydroriboflavin, the reduced form of riboflavin, to produce reducing equivalents for the deactivation of hydroperoxides [108].…”

Section: Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a review of the antioxidant ability of riboflavin, see [106,107]. On the other hand, riboflavin is a photosensitizer which can mediate a riboflavin-sensitized photochemical reaction and result in age-related liquefaction of vitreous [57].…”

Section: Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, GSH inhibits the degradation of HA by acting as a scavenger for hydroxyl radicals [119,120]. GSH is a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase activity of reducing lipid hydroperoxides, producing alcohol and GSSH in the process [107]. Reduced intravitreal GSH level has been linked with the pathological complications of inflammation and neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and Eales' disease [117,121].…”

Section: Proteins and Free Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitreous Antioxidants, Degeneration, and Vitreo-Retinopathy: Exploring the Links

Ankamah

Sebag²,

et al. 2019

Antioxidants

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The transparent vitreous body, which occupies about 80% of the eye’s volume, is laden with numerous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants that could protect the eye from oxidative stress and disease. Aging is associated with degeneration of vitreous structure as well as a reduction in its antioxidant capacity. A growing body of evidence suggests these age-related changes may be the precursor of numerous oxidative stress-induced vitreo-retinopathies, including vision degrading myodesopsia, the clinically significant entoptic phenomena that can result from advanced vitreous degeneration. Adequate intravitreal antioxidant levels may be protective against vitreous degeneration, possibly preventing and even improving vision degrading myodesopsia as well as mitigating various other vitreo-retinopathies. The present article is, therefore, a review of the different antioxidant molecules within vitreous and the inter-relationships between vitreous antioxidant capacity and degeneration.

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“…The combined vitamin B supplementation causes a marked decrease in ROS, protein oxidation, and an enhancement of antioxidative enzymes [9,[14][15][16]. Subjects continuously exposed to low-grade oxidative stress, such as manual laborers [17] and patients suffering from schizophrenia [18] or chronic illnesses including cancer, might particularly benefit from the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory impact of the vitamin B in the prevention of lipid peroxidation [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomized Pilot Trial to Evaluate the Bioavailability of Natural versus Synthetic Vitamin B Complexes in Healthy Humans and Their Effects on Homocysteine, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Levels

Lindschinger¹,

Tatzber

Schimetta

et al. 2019

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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The vitamin B complex comprises 8 different water-soluble constituents that humans must sequester from the diet. This pilot study compared natural versus synthetic vitamin B complexes for their bioavailability, accumulation, and their impact on antioxidants, homocysteine levels, and oxidative stress. We conducted a double-blind randomized clinical trial with thirty healthy participants. They were randomly assigned to group N (natural) and group S (synthetic). Vitamin B was ingested daily for 6 weeks in the range of about 2.5 times above the recommended daily allowance. Blood samples were taken at baseline, 1.5 h, 4 h, 7 h (diurnal), 6 w (discontinuation of supplements), and 8 w (washout). Blood levels of thiamine (B 1 ), riboflavin (B 2 ), pyridoxine (B 6 ), folic acid (B 9 ), cobalamin (B 12 ), homocysteine, total antioxidants, peroxidase activity, polyphenols, and total peroxides were determined. Compared to initial values, serum levels of each B vitamin increased at the end of the supplementation period: i.e., B 1 (+23% N; +27% S), B 2 (+14% N; +13% S), B 6 (+101% N; +101% S), B 9 (+86% N; +153% S), and B 12 (+16% N) (p < 0:05). Homocysteine (-13% N) decreased, while peroxidase activity (+41% S) and antioxidant capacity increased (+26% N). Short-term effects were already observed after 1.5 h for B 9 (+238% N; +246% S) and after 4 h for vitamin B 2 (+7% N; +8% S), B 6 (+59% N; +51% S), and peroxidase activity (+58% N; +58% S). During the washout period, serum levels of B vitamins decreased except for thiamine and peroxidase activity, which increased further. This clinical pilot study revealed comparable bioavailability for both natural and synthetic B vitamins but did not show statistically noticeable differences between groups despite some favourable tendencies within the natural vitamin group, i.e., sustained effects for cobalamin and endogenous peroxidase activity and a decrease in homocysteine and oxidative stress levels.

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Riboflavin in Human Health: A Review of Current Evidences

Cited by 103 publications

References 118 publications

Dietary Micronutrient and Mineral Intake in the Mediterranean Healthy Eating, Ageing, and Lifestyle (MEAL) Study

Dietary Micronutrient and Mineral Intake in the Mediterranean Healthy Eating, Ageing, and Lifestyle (MEAL) Study

Vitreous Antioxidants, Degeneration, and Vitreo-Retinopathy: Exploring the Links

A Randomized Pilot Trial to Evaluate the Bioavailability of Natural versus Synthetic Vitamin B Complexes in Healthy Humans and Their Effects on Homocysteine, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Levels

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