Riboflavin and Its Derivates as Potential Photosensitizers in the Photodynamic Treatment of Skin Cancers

Abstract

Riboflavin, a water-soluble vitamin B2, possesses unique biological and physicochemical properties. Its photosensitizing properties make it suitable for various biological applications, such as pathogen inactivation and photodynamic therapy. However, the effectiveness of riboflavin as a photosensitizer is hindered by its degradation upon exposure to light. The review aims to highlight the significance of riboflavin and its derivatives as potential photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy. Additionally, a concise overview of photodynamic therapy and utilization of blue light in dermatology is provided, as well as the photochemistry and photobiophysics of riboflavin and its derivatives. Particular emphasis is given to the latest findings on the use of acetylated 3-methyltetraacetyl-riboflavin derivative (3MeTARF) in photodynamic therapy.

Applications of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Aquaculture: Effect on Fish Pathogenic Bacteria

“…However, this compound photodegrades, reducing its effect been reported, however, that some of its photodegradation produc (12), are photosensitizers [88], which could be advantageous for aP Due to its structural similarity to hypericin, together with its ability to absorb light in the UV-visible region, it has drawn attention as a PS for aPDT [87]. Work by Wang et al showed that aloe-emodin-mediated aPDT is effective against infections caused by A. baumannii [29].…”

“…However, this compound photodegrades, reducing its effec been reported, however, that some of its photodegradation produc (12), are photosensitizers [88], which could be advantageous for a However, this compound photodegrades, reducing its effectiveness as a PS. It has been reported, however, that some of its photodegradation products, such as lumichrome (12), are photosensitizers [88], which could be advantageous for aPDT.…”

“…However, this compound photodegrades, reducing its effect been reported, however, that some of its photodegradation product (12), are photosensitizers [88], which could be advantageous for aP Inactivation of A. baumannii has been reported using riboflav to 440 nm blue LED light at 45 J/cm 2 for 60 min) [26], showing the to be applied as a PS in aquaculture.…”

Use of photosensitive molecules in the crosslinking of biopolymers: applications and considerations in biomaterials development

“…153 Similarly, the use of riboflavin and its derivates in PDT has opened the door to treating skin cancers by applying blue light in dermatology. 154 Phthalocyanines have also found space in PDT for melanoma cancer treatment; for instance, Castro and collaborators (2022) modified Zn( ii ) phthalocyanines with thiopyridinium units, finding that upon red light irradiation, murine melanoma cell viability decreased significantly, challenging the employed viability kit detection limit. 155 As these are briefly described, it is possible to find multiple pieces of literature regarding this point; it is recommended that the following works be revised.…”