Riboflavin

McCormick, Donald B.

doi:10.1002/9781119946045.ch18

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Animal studies have shown that the uptake of dietary riboflavin from the intestine is increased in riboflavin deficiency (17) and urinary excretion was found to increase linearly with increasing dietary intakes in individuals with optimal status (18) . The transport of flavins in blood is by loose binding to albumin and tight binding to a number of immunoglobulins in serum particularly IgA, IgG and IgM (19) . A number of physiological factors have been reported to influence the rate of intestinal absorption of riboflavin.…”

Section: Riboflavin Absorption and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riboflavin status, MTHFR genotype and blood pressure: current evidence and implications for personalised nutrition

et al. 2016

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Clinical deficiency of the B-vitamin riboflavin (vitamin B 2 ) is largely confined to developing countries; however accumulating evidence indicates that suboptimal riboflavin status is a widespread problem across the developed world. Few international data are available on riboflavin status as measured by the functional biomarker, erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient, considered to be the gold standard index. One important role of riboflavin in the form of flavin dinucleotide is as a co-factor for the folate-metabolising enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). Homozygosity for the common C677T polymorphism in MTHFR, affecting over 10 % of the UK and Irish populations and up to 32 % of other populations worldwide, has been associated with an increased risk of CVD, and more recently with hypertension. This review will explore available studies reporting riboflavin status worldwide, the interaction of riboflavin with the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and the potential role of riboflavin in personalised nutrition. Evidence is accumulating for a novel role of riboflavin as an important modulator of blood pressure (BP) specifically in individuals with the MTHFR 677TT genotype, with results from a number of recent randomised controlled trials demonstrating that riboflavin supplementation can significantly reduce systolic BP by 5-13 mmHg in these genetically at risk adults. Studies are however required to investigate the BP-lowering effect of riboflavin in different populations and in response to doses higher than 1·6 mg/d. Furthermore, work focusing on the translation of this research to health professionals and patients is also required.Riboflavin: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: MTHFR C677T: Blood pressure:Personalised nutrition Riboflavin (vitamin B 2 ) is a water-soluble B-vitamin defined chemically as 7,8-dimethyl-10-1′-D-ribityl isoalloxazine. It acts as a precursor for FMN and FAD (1) . Clinical riboflavin deficiency is not generally considered to be a problem in the developed world but in recent years evidence has shown that sub-optimal status may be more widespread than generally perceived based on studies reporting the functional biomarker, erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRac) generally considered as the gold standard index of status. Few international data are however available based on EGRac and reports on riboflavin status are more commonly based solely on dietary intake data. Although riboflavin is required for numerous metabolic reactions its role (in the form of FAD) as a cofactor for the folatemetabolising enzyme, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has recently received particular attention. Homozygosity (MTHFR 677TT genotype) for a common polymorphism in MTHFR, affecting over 10 % of the UK and Irish populations and up to 32 % of other populations worldwide (2) , has been associated with an increased risk of CVD (3) and more recently with hypertension (4) . Emerging evidence from intervention trials supports a novel role for riboflav...

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Section: Riboflavin Absorption and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riboflavin status, MTHFR genotype and blood pressure: current evidence and implications for personalised nutrition

et al. 2016

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“…Dietary sources substantial in riboflavin include dairy, eggs, fish, meat, poultry, and fortified cereals . Riboflavin is absorbed in the proximal small intestine and is metabolized by the liver or can be complexed to form flavoproteins . Commensal lactic acid bacteria present in the large intestine can also produce riboflavin, which can be absorbed .…”

Section: B Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commensal lactic acid bacteria present in the large intestine can also produce riboflavin, which can be absorbed . Insufficiency can occur in patients who avoid dairy products, as this is a major source of the vitamin . Deficiency can occur in patients with malabsorptive disorders, in alcohol use disorder, and in patients with anorexia nervosa .…”

Section: B Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insufficiency can occur in patients who avoid dairy products, as this is a major source of the vitamin . Deficiency can occur in patients with malabsorptive disorders, in alcohol use disorder, and in patients with anorexia nervosa . Deficiency of riboflavin can manifest as changes to the mucous membranes, including pharyngitis, cheilitis (Figure ), stomatitis (Figure ), and glossitis (Figure ) .…”

Section: B Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deficiency can occur in patients with malabsorptive disorders, in alcohol use disorder, and in patients with anorexia nervosa . Deficiency of riboflavin can manifest as changes to the mucous membranes, including pharyngitis, cheilitis (Figure ), stomatitis (Figure ), and glossitis (Figure ) . There is also an increased incidence of seborrheic dermatitis in riboflavin deficiency (Figure ) .…”

Section: B Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hair, Nails, and Skin: Differentiating Cutaneous Manifestations of Micronutrient Deficiency

DiBaise

Tarleton

2019

Nut in Clin Prac

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Micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) commonly lead to cutaneous abnormalities involving the skin, hair, and nails, and these cutaneous manifestations often provide clues to the existence of the underlying deficiency. MNDs may be present in at-risk individuals who have impaired absorption or poor dietary intake. The micronutrients that most commonly present with cutaneous findings include the B vitamins riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, biotin, and vitamin B12; vitamin C; the fat-soluble vitamins A, E, and K; the minerals zinc, iron, copper, and selenium; and essential fatty acids. This review will highlight the most common clinical hair, skin, and nail presentations associated with MNDs and an approach to their treatment. (Nutr Clin Pract. 2019;34:490-503)

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Severe Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome in an Astronaut With 2 Predisposing Factors

Brunstetter,

Zwart,

Brandt

et al. 2024

JAMA Ophthalmol

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ImportanceUnderstanding potential predisposing factors associated with spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) may influence its management.ObjectiveTo describe a severe case of SANS associated with 2 potentially predisposing factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsOcular testing of and blood collections from a female astronaut were completed preflight, inflight, and postflight in the setting of the International Space Station (ISS).ExposureWeightlessness throughout an approximately 6-month ISS mission. Mean carbon dioxide (CO2) partial pressure decreased from 2.6 to 1.3 mm Hg weeks before the astronaut’s flight day (FD) 154 optical coherence tomography (OCT) session. In response to SANS, 4 B-vitamin supplements (vitamin B6, 100 mg; L-methylfolate, 5 mg; vitamin B12, 1000 μg; and riboflavin, 400 mg) were deployed, unpacked on FD153, consumed daily through FD169, and then discontinued due to gastrointestinal discomfort.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRefraction, distance visual acuity (DVA), optic nerve, and macular assessment on OCT.ResultsCycloplegic refraction was −1.00 diopter in both eyes preflight and +0.50 − 0.25 × 015 in the right eye and +1.00 diopter in the left eye 3 days postflight. Uncorrected DVA was 20/30 OU preflight, 20/16 or better by FD90, and 20/15 OU 3 days postflight. Inflight peripapillary total retinal thickness (TRT) peaked between FD84 and FD126 (right eye, 401 μm preflight, 613 μm on FD84; left eye, 404 μm preflight, 636 μm on FD126), then decreased. Peripapillary choroidal folds, quantified by surface roughness, peaked at 12.7 μm in the right eye on FD154 and 15.0 μm in the left eye on FD126, then decreased. Mean choroidal thickness increased throughout the mission. Genetic analyses revealed 2 minor alleles for MTRR 66 and 2 major alleles for SHMT1 1420 (ie, 4 of 4 SANS risk alleles). One-week postflight, lumbar puncture opening pressure was normal, at 19.4 cm H2O.Conclusions and RelevanceTo the authors’ knowledge, no other report of SANS documented as large of a change in peripapillary TRT or hyperopic shift during a mission as in this astronaut, and this was only 1 of 4 astronauts to experience chorioretinal folds approaching the fovea. This case showed substantial inflight improvement greater than the sensitivity of the measure, possibly associated with B-vitamin supplementation and/or reduction in cabin CO2. However, as a single report, such improvement could be coincidental to these interventions, warranting further evaluation.

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Riboflavin

Cited by 15 publications

References 100 publications

Riboflavin status, MTHFR genotype and blood pressure: current evidence and implications for personalised nutrition

Riboflavin status, MTHFR genotype and blood pressure: current evidence and implications for personalised nutrition

Hair, Nails, and Skin: Differentiating Cutaneous Manifestations of Micronutrient Deficiency

Severe Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome in an Astronaut With 2 Predisposing Factors

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